作物根系分区交替灌溉田间实施技术探索

作物根系分区交替灌溉方法的提出开辟了节水灌溉的新思路,该方法具有明显的节水、增产、提高水分利用效率的优点.目前对它的田间实施技术研究还不全面、不系统.本文针对其特点,探索分析能够实现根系分区交替灌溉目的的灌水技术种类、技术要点及适用条件,提出适合目前我国农村经济发展现状的根系分区交替灌溉田间实施技术,并对未来的技术发展提出了研究思路.     

水肥耦合条件下作物产量、水分利用和根系吸氮的试验研究

根据1998～2000年两年在北京市水科所永乐店节水灌溉中心开展的冬小麦、夏玉米水肥耦合的田间试验成果的分析研究表明，氮肥效益的发挥与农田水分状况密切相关，低供水水平时(本研究中为冬小麦仅灌拔节水的节水灌溉处理)，肥料的增产效益十分显著，但氮肥贡献率随施肥量的增加而呈递减的趋势。不同的分析方法都表明，在永乐店节水灌溉中心，冬小麦施尿素400 kg/hm²和200 kg/hm²两个施肥水平的试验处理所获得的水(肥)分生产率最高(在不同农田供水状况下)，由于两者的水分生产率差异不大，为提高施肥效率，建议在生产上考虑选择200 kg/hm²的施肥方案较合理。     

型煤与型焦粘合剂的研究及开发

探讨了型煤粘合剂的粘结机理,介绍了几种主要粘合剂的分类,重点论述了W IN-1型民用与锅炉型煤粘合剂、W IN-2超微粉造气型煤粘合剂及W IN-3焦粉型焦粘合剂的研究和应用情况,利用这些粘合剂生产的锅炉型煤、造气型煤、焦粉型焦等产品均达到了应用要求。     

Genetic manipulation for enhancing calcium content in potato tuber

Increased calcium (Ca) in potatoes may increase the production rate by enhancing tuber quality and storability. Additionally, increased Ca levels in important agricultural crops may help ameliorate the incidence of osteoporosis. However, the capacity to alter Ca levels in potato tubers through genetic manipulations has not been previously addressed. Here we demonstrate that potato tubers expressing the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter sCAX1 (N-terminal autoinhibitory domain truncated version of CAtion eXchanger 1) contain up to 3-fold more Ca than wild-type tubers. The increased Ca appears to be distributed throughout the tuber. The sCAX1-expressing potatoes have normally undergone the tuber/plant/tuber cycle for three generations; the trait appeared stable through successive generations. The expression of sCAX1 does not appear to alter potato growth and development. Furthermore, increased Ca levels in sCAX1-expressing tubers do not appear to alter tuber morphology or yield. Given the preponderance of potato consumption worldwide, these transgenic plants may be a means of marginally increasing Ca intake levels in the population. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempts to use biotechnology to increase the Ca content of potatoes.     

黄土区不同下垫面农田降雨入渗及产流关系的数值模拟

在野外试验的基础上，建立了二维农田降雨入渗及产流关系的数学模型，并用中国科学院长武县王东沟农业生态站不同下垫面径流小区实测土壤含水率及产流资料对该模型进行验证。结果显示：该模型对降雨过程中土壤入渗、产流以及雨后蒸发条件下土壤水分的模拟都有很高的精度，可以用于黄土区降雨入渗及产流关系的模拟。     

沟灌夏玉米棵间土壤蒸发规律的试验研究

棵间土壤蒸发是农田土壤耗水的重要组成部分。该文采用两种规格的微型棵间蒸发皿(Micro-Lysimeter)分别测定沟灌夏玉米田沟、垄土面蒸发量,并对沟灌条件下夏玉米棵间土壤蒸发与作物蒸腾变化规律进行了试验研究,分析了相对棵间土壤蒸发强度与土壤含水率的关系以及棵间土壤蒸发强度与作物叶面积指数的关系。结果表明,沟灌条件下夏玉米棵间土壤蒸发量占全生育总耗水量的33.06%～34.35%,棵间土壤相对蒸发强度与表层土壤含水率和作物叶面积指数之间均呈现良好的指数函数关系,灌溉或降雨后2～3 d内土壤蒸发强度较大,受大气蒸发力影响明显。因此,在不影响作物蒸腾的条件下减少表层土壤的湿润面积和湿润次数是减少棵间土壤蒸发、提高作物水分利用效率的主要技术途径与措施。     

河北省海洋生物资源开发现状及可持续利用对策

介绍了位于环渤海经济圈中心地带的河北省海岸带和海洋经济概况,分析了河北省海洋生物资源的开发利用现状,并从政府管理、生态环境修复、加大海洋科技与教育投入、海洋生物资源摸底调查、海洋渔业产业结构的调整和海洋药用生物资源的开发等六个方面提出了保护和合理利用河北省海洋生物资源的对策,可为海洋生物资源的可持续利用提供参考依据。     

氯酸钾对龙眼催花的效应及其机理研究综述

综述氯酸钾对龙眼催花的效应及其机理,概述应用氯酸钾促使龙眼开花应注意及存在的问题。     

基于组织培养技术的姜科植物快繁体系的研究进展

为解决姜科植物繁殖系数低、种性退化等问题,扩大姜科植物的繁殖规模,提高品种自身抗逆性和增产潜力,有效建立姜科植物的离体快繁体系,总结了基于植物组织培养技术的部分姜科植物离体快繁体系构建过程中外植体的选择与消毒处理、丛生芽和愈伤组织的诱导、增殖与分化和生根培养条件,阐述了姜科植物离体快繁体系建立过程中存在的问题及解决方案,同时对植物组织培养在姜科植物中的应用进行了展望,以期为姜科植物产业的健康、快速发展提供参考。     

Evaluation of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by Platycodi radix water extract in Sprague–Dawley rats

Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) potential in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by a Platycodi radix water extract in a subchronic toxicity study. One hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissues of rats treated with Platycodi radix at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg body weight/day were used for the analysis. They were conventionally stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained using caspase-3 and Ki-67 antibodies. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group in both sexes (p<0.01). However, the hyperplastic change was completely repaired after 4 weeks of recovery period. Ki-67 expression was similar in all groups, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in both sexes in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle control groups, and then reduced to normal levels in the recovery groups in both sexes. In conclusion, this study showed that squamous cell hyperplasia induced by the Platycodi radix water extract in the limiting ridge of the stomach is not considered to be abnormal proliferative change; as a result, squamous cell hyperplasia is considered to be a non-adverse effect when induced by the oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract once daily for 13 weeks in rats.