豫南地区国家级自然保护区生物多样性价值研究

文章采用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法、替代花费法和材积源生物量法等,对豫南地区国家级自然保护区生物多样性价值进行了评估。结果表明,其生物多样性年总价值为13.8804亿元。因此可见,建立保护区,保护生物多样性,对于充分发挥其生态功能具有重要的意义。     

一种合成蒎酮酸新方法的研究

为了解决蒎酮酸传统合成方法的条件苛刻和反应时间太长等问题 ,提出用表面活性剂催化氧化α 蒎烯的新方法。主要研究了用十二烷基硫酸钠 (以下简称K1 2 )作催化剂对KMnO4氧化α 蒎烯合成蒎酮酸的反应的催化作用 ,系统探讨了各种反应因素对α 蒎烯氧化反应的影响。研究结果表明 :用表面活性剂K1 2作催化剂对KMnO4氧化α 蒎烯时 ,具有催化剂用量少 (2 % )、反应条件温和 (3 0℃ )、反应时间短 (5 .0～ 5 .5h)和蒎酮酸产率较高 (>60 % )等优点。     

Preliminary Evaluation of a Unique Freezing Technology for Bovine Spermatozoa Cryopreservation

Artificial insemination (AI) and semen cryopreservation has significantly improved the breeding potential of male animals. However, current freezing techniques commonly result in reduced semen quality. Ten years ago, a unique freezing technology (UFT) was developed for the freezing of foodstuffs and other materials. Previous work from this laboratory has demonstrated the UFT to be a superior method of freezing for a number of cell types. In a preliminary study, the UFT was compared with the conventional freezing methodology of bovine semen. Semen samples were collected from an angus (Bull A) and a gelbivich bull (Bull B), prepared using a conventional bovine cryoprotectant, and frozen in the UFT or in liquid nitrogen (LN) mist. The samples were stored in LN before being thawed and assessed for the semen parameters of motility and forward progression. Preliminary results suggest the UFT is equivalent to current techniques in the cryopreservation and recovery of bovine semen, and with modification, possibly a superior technique for semen freezing. Further studies using larger sample populations, and using a CASA system to evaluate motility, forward progression and linearity are merited.     

Genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates from Turkey: identification of a new subgroup in BVDV-1

Genetic heterogeneity of Turkish ruminant pestiviruses was investigated by phylogenetic analysis of complete N(pro) encoding nucleotide sequences. A total of 30 virus isolates obtained from 15 provinces around the country between 1997 and 2005 were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Virus isolates mostly originated from cattle with one isolate from sheep. The bovine isolates all belonged to BVDV-1, the sheep isolate to BVDV-2. Fifteen isolates formed a new subgroup within BVDV-1, tentatively named BVDV-1l. The remaining bovine isolates were typed as BVDV-1a (n=4), BVDV-1b (n=4), BVDV-1d (n=3), BVDV-1f (n=2) and BVDV-1h (n=1). The isolates allocated to BVDV-1l originated from various geographical regions in different years. There was no correlation between genetic grouping and locations where isolates were obtained. Viruses originating from one farm in most cases belonged to the same subgroup (n=5). This study indicates that the newly detected subgroup BVDV-1l is predominant and widespread in Turkey. Moreover, an ovine virus isolate was identified as the first member of BVDV-2 reported in Turkey. A serological survey using samples from western Turkey indicated that BVDV-2 is also present in cattle.     

Construction of SETD2 gene knockout nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell strains using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and analysis of their proliferation property

AIM:To establish SETD2 gene knockout nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell strains based on CRIPSR/Cas9 technique and to analyze their proliferation characteristics. METHODS:Sub-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of SETD2 in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP-69, well differentiated NPC cell line CNE1, poorly-differentiated NPC cell line CNE2Z and undifferentiated NPC cell line C666-1, and the SETD2 high expression cell line CNE1 was screened. The proliferation ability of CNE1 cells before and after the SETD2 gene knockout was analyzed by CCK-8 and colony formation assay. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins was detected by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with NP-69 cells, the expression of SETD2 was decreased gradually in CNE1, CNE2Z and C666-1 cells (P<0.01). Based on the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, 2 monoclonal cell strains with SETD2 gene stable knockout, named CNE1-SETD2-KO-#5 and #9, were successfully screened from total 15 monoclones. The results of CCK-8 and plate colony formation assay confirmed that the proliferation ability of CNE1-SETD2-KO-#5 and #9 cells was significantly enhanced compared with CNE1-WT cells (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the G₁ phase of CNE1-SETD2-KO-#5 and #9 cells was decreased, while the G₂/M and S phases were increased significantly (P<0.05). The results of Western blot confirmed the increases in the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2) and CDK4, and the decrease in the protein level of p21 after SETD2 gene knockout (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The NPC cell strains with SETD2 gene knockout were successfully constructed based on CRISPR/Cas9 technique. SETD2 expression correlates with cell differentiation status in the NPC cells. SETD2 gene knockout promotes NPC cell proliferation by up-regulating cyclin D1, cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1, CDK2 and CDK4, and down-regulating p21 expression.     

Usage of Shoot Analyses to Assess Early-Season Nutritional Status of Apple Trees

Mid-summer leaf analyses are commonly used as the standard method worldwide to assess the nutritional status of fruit trees. However, the analyses performed at this period yield information only about current nutritional status of the trees. Several physiological processes influencing yield and quality take place early in spring. It was reported in previous studies that dormant-season shoot analyses for some nutrients may reliably be used to assess early-season nutritional status of peach trees.The present study was conducted with the shoot samples taken in dormant-season of 150 apple orchards from Isparta region during the years 2010 and 2011. Shoot samples were taken 15 days before full bloom stage and samples were subjected to nutrient analyses. Reference values for each nutrient were indicated as 25 and 75% of the resultant values. The shoot reference values for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and B were respectively observed as 0.66–0.82%, 0.12–0.15%, 0.37–0.45%, 0.84–1.24%, 0.11–0.16%, 24.55–32.24?ppm, 11.12–17.55?ppm, 12.96–21.90?ppm and 13.33–16.00?ppm. To check the reliability of shoot analyses, leaf samples were taken from the same orchards in 7 different periods until mid-vegetation season and correlations between nutrient contents of shoots and nutrient contents of leaves taken in all periods were investigated. Significant correlations were observed between N, P, K, Mg, Mn and B contents of shoots and leaves. Therefore, it was concluded that early-season shoot N, P, K, Mg, Mn and B analyses could reliably be used to assess nutritional status of apple trees.     

冷冻密度和复苏温度对BHK21细胞活力的影响

就细胞的冷冻密度和复苏温度对细胞活力的影响做了分析。取处于对数生长期的细胞以0．5×107～4．0×107／mL之间的4个细胞密度分别进行冷冻,2周之后复苏细胞,检验其复苏活力;又分别在37℃、38℃和39℃的水温复苏同一批细胞,复苏后检验细胞的活力。结果表明,随着冷冻密度的升高,复苏活力逐渐下降;在38℃水温复苏细胞的平均活力比在37℃和39℃水温复苏细胞的平均活力高,而且稳定。因此,细胞的冷冻密度和复苏活力之间存在显著负相关性,38℃的水温更适于复苏细胞。     

Protective effects of silymarin on fumonisin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of silymarin on experimental liver toxication induced by Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) in BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into six groups (n = 15). Group 1 served as the control. Group 2 was the silymarin control (100 mg/kg by gavage). Groups 3 and 4 were treated with FB₁ (Group 3, 1.5 mg/kg FB₁, intraperitoneally; and Group 4, 4.5 mg/kg FB₁). Group 5 received FB₁ (1.5 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg), and Group 6 was given a higher dose of FB₁ (4.5 mg/kg FB₁) with silymarin (100 mg/kg). Silymarin treatment significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) the apoptotic rate. FB₁ administration significantly increased (p < 0.0001) proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 expression. Furthermore, FB₁ elevated the levels of caspase-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediators while silymarin significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) the expression of these factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expressions were significantly elevated in Group 4 (p < 0.0001). Silymarin administration alleviated increased VEGF and FGF-2 expression levels (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, silymarin ameliorated toxic liver damage caused by FB₁ in BALB/c mice.