Toll‐like receptor and related cytokine mRNA expression in bovine corpora lutea during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy

Improving our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the corpus luteum (CL) and its role in regulating the reproductive cycle should lead to improvements in the sustainability of today's global animal industry. The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ composed of a heterogeneous mixture steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, and it is becoming clear that immune mechanisms play a key role in CL regulation especially in luteolysis. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) mediate innate immune mechanisms via the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, especially within various tissues, although the role of TLR within CL remains unknown. Thus, the objectives of this study were to characterize TLR mRNA expression in the CL during the oestrous cycle and in pregnancy (day 30–50), and to examine the role of TLR signalling in luteal cells. Corpora lutea were collected at various stages of the cycle and pregnancy and analysed for TLR and cytokine mRNA expression. In addition, luteal cells were cultured with the TLR4 ligand (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) for 24 h to evaluate the role of TLR4 in regulating luteal function. Toll‐like receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN‐G), and interleukin (IL)‐12, mRNA expressions were greatest in regressing CL compared with earlier stages (p < .05), whereas no change was observed for IL‐6 mRNA expression. Cytokine mRNA expression in cultured luteal cells was not altered by LPS. Based on these data, one or more of the TLRs found within the CL may play a role in luteolysis, perhaps via pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression.     

Can nutritional status of apple trees be determined by leaf analysis in early vegetation?

In this study, whether the nutritional status of apple trees can be predicted in the early stages of vegetation was determined by leaf analysis. For this purpose, from different districts of Isparta province in Turkey where apples are cultivated extensively, 150 apple orchards were assessed according to the production potential of districts. The leaf samples were collected at six different stages of vegetation from these orchards, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and boron (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and B) amounts were determined. Correlations were examined between the sixth period and the previous periods. The presence of significant correlations was interpreted, as leaf analysis can be used to determine the nutritional status of apples in the early growth period. Consequently, it was determined that leaf analysis can be carried out at any time from the beginning of vegetation for all elements except Fe and Cu.     

Pull-out properties of polyester woven fabrics: Effects of softening agent and interlacement on single and multiple yarn pull-out forces and analysis by statistical model

The aim of this study was to understand the effects of softening treatment on pull-out properties of plain, ribs and satin fabrics. Polyester woven fabrics were used to conduct the pull-out tests. Data generated from these tests included pullout force, crimp extension and fabric displacement. A developed yarn pull-out fixture was used to perform single and multiple pull-out tests on treated and untreated polyester fabrics. Yarn pull-out forces depend on fabric treatments, fabric density, fabric weave, and the number of pulled ends in the fabric. The results of regression model showed that multiple and single yarn pull-out forces of treated fabrics were lower than those of untreated fabrics. The multiple yarn pull-out force was higher than that of the single yarn pull-out force, and that dense fabric had a high pull-out force. Treated and untreated plain fabrics had high single and multiple pull-out forces compared to those of treated and untreated ribs and satin fabrics. Yarn crimp extension depends on directional crimp ratios in the fabric and the number of pulled yarn ends. High directional crimp ratio fabric showed high directional yarn crimp extension. Fabric displacement depends on the number of pulled yarn ends and also fabric treatments. Fabric displacement in multiple pull-out tests showed high fabric displacement compared to that of single pull-out tests. On the other hand, the regression model could be used in this study as a viable and reliable tool.     

减蛋综合征病毒NE4株全基因组序列测定与分析

根据减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV-76)AV-127株的全基因序列(序列号BK000404),用Premier5.0软件设计22对引物,利用PCR方法对EDSV-76病毒NE4株的全基因组进行了分段扩增、克隆和序列测定,并用DNAStar分析软件对各片段的测序结果进行拼接,将该序列与GenBank中已登录的相应序列进行同源性分析,并用六邻体蛋白构建进化树.结果表明:NE4株基因组序列全长33214bp,GC含量为43%,与国际标准株AV-127相比,核苷酸序列同源性为99.6%.碱基的插入或缺失主要在非编码区,在100K蛋白编码区距羧基端1/10处插入了1个碱基C,其ORF编码696个氨基酸,而AV-127株100K蛋白编码709个氨基酸,预计其发挥功能的基团在N端.蛋白同源性分析表明,EDSVNE4株主要蛋白与羊腺病毒OAV(Ovine adenovirusD)、牛腺病毒BAV(Bovine adenovi-rusD)和蛇腺病毒SAV(Snake adenovirus)有较高的同源性,而与禽腺病毒Ⅰ群(CELO)的同源性较低,说明NE4株与禽腺病毒Ⅰ群亲缘关系较远,进化树分析也证实了此特性.     

辐照蜂蜜和虾中残留氯霉素降解效果的研究

蜂蜜和虾是中国重要的出口创汇食品。试验以含残留氯霉素（chloramphenicol,CAP）的蜂蜜和虾为材料,用60Co γ射线辐照处理1～10 kGy的剂量,研究结果表明,辐照可以有效降低不同介质中残留的氯霉素,但介质不同,降解效果各有差异。蜂蜜的辐照吸收剂量为4.3 kGy时,94.75%的残留氯霉素降解;虾的辐照吸收剂量为7.5 kGy时,94.31%的残留氯霉素降解。     

基于系统动力学的西安现代农业物流发展的对策研究

[目的]利用系统动力学方法对西安现代农业物流产业的发展对策进行研究。[方法]采用系统动力学方法,以事实分析和相关数据为支撑探究现代农业物流产业发展的各种影响因素,同时以尽可能丰富准确的数据资料为基础,建立第三方物流与西安农业经济协同发展的系统动力学模型,并且对各影响因素进行实证分析。[结果]西安农业生产总值、物流需求和物流供给都呈不断增长趋势;仅通过提高农业物流需求的政策来降低农业物流成本的做法是不理想的;加大对农业物流的投入可以降低物流成本,促进经济水平的提高;第三方物流企业加大对自身的投资,可以降低物流成本,促进经济的发展。[结论]为加快经济结构的步伐调整提供理论上的支持。     

新疆迪西型鹰嘴豆中脂肪和蛋白质组分的研究（摘要）

[目的]提取新疆产地的迪西型鹰嘴豆的油脂,测定脂肪酸含量及组份,并测定迪西型鹰嘴豆的分级蛋白和蛋白质氨基酸组成。[方法]以新疆产地的迪西型鹰嘴豆为试验材料,提取其种仁油脂。用气相色谱-质谱法测定脂肪酸的含量及组分;采用微量定氮法和分级提取法测定粗蛋白和分离蛋白,并对蛋白质中的氨基酸组成进行了分析。[结果]鹰嘴豆中油脂含量高（为18.2%）,油脂以不饱和脂肪酸油酸、亚油酸为主要成分,占脂肪酸总量80%以上,饱和脂肪酸含量较低。鹰嘴豆中粗蛋白质含量平均为23.71%,以球蛋白和清蛋白为主,占蛋白质总量的80%以上,而谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量比较低。其蛋白质均含18种氨酸酸,属完全蛋白质。谷氨酸含量最高,占蛋白质的15.8%。天冬氨酸含量占10.7%。此外还有精氨酸（9.30%）、亮氨酸（7.56%）和赖氨酸（6.34%）,其次为苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸。色氮酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸含量最少。鹰嘴豆中必需氨基酸含量丰富。[结论]新疆迪西型鹰嘴豆是一种不饱和脂肪酸含量很高,氨基酸含量丰富的豆类作物。     

影响新疆细毛羊羔羊超排及体外受精效果的研究

本试验研究了不同FSH来源、羔羊日龄、不同诱导方法对细胞质量及卵母细胞成熟时间对卵裂率的影响,以及不同激素诱导卵母细胞的IVF效果和卵母细胞级别对体外发育效果的影响。结果表明,用加拿大产FSH对羔羊进行处理,与宁波所产FSH相比获得卵母细胞数差异不显著,但是加拿大超排后回收的卵母细胞可用率及卵裂率都高于国产激素;卵母细胞成熟培养26~30 h效果较好,不同级别卵母细胞体外发育效果差异不显著。     

莜麦在河南省引种试验的研究

通过对莜麦Avena nuda的形态特征、生物学特征、产量以及营养价值的分析,对其利用价值进行了评价.研究结果表明:莜麦能够很好地适应河南省的土壤及气候条件,生长快,叶量丰富,产量高,在河南省有良好的推广价值,可望成为当地重要的饲料作物和粮食作物.     

Reduction of ochratoxin a levels in red wine by bentonite, modified bentonites, and chitosan

Adsorption method may play an important role to remove ochratoxin A (OTA) from wine by bentonite (B), nonylammonium bentonite (NB), dodecylammonium bentonite (DB), KSF-montmorillonite (KSF), and chitosan bead (CB). The optimum conditions of OTA adsorption from synthetic solutions were revealed at room temperature and pH 3.5. The adsorption equilibria of B and NB were almost established within 120 and 240 min, respectively. DB, KSF, and CB had about 90 min of equilibration time. The adsorption efficiency carried out in the synthetic OTA solution did not change remarkably when the amounts of adsorbents were 25 mg for bentonite, DB, and KSF and 100 mg for NB and CB. Furthermore, 25 mg of adsorbents was used at all adsorption studies in synthetic solution. The adsorption isotherm was fitted with mostly a Freundlich equation with respect to the correlation coefficients. The adsorption data were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich equations having Kf values ranging from 0.011 to 9.5 with respect to correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.900-0.977). DB and KSF have the highest adsorption capacity for OTA in synthetic solutions. In wine, the removal of OTA was succeeded at a percentage of 60-100 by KSF and CB. Furthermore, the highest adsorption capacity of OTA for red wine was obtained by using 250 mg of KSF, which caused less damage to the nature of wine and also low adsorption of polyphenols and anthcyans.