Candidate genes underlying QTL for flowering time and their interactions in a wide spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cross

Response to vernalization and photoperiod are the main determinants controlling the time to flowering in temperate cereals. While the individual genes that dete...     

感染松材线虫病的思茅松林择伐木外观判定初探

通过观察思茅松在12月至翌年1月感染松材线虫病的外部特征,得出思茅松感病后的主要外部特征和区别于其他松树的感病特点,并提出择伐感病思茅松时在外观特征上的判定标准和处理建议。     

促使云杉矮槲寄生果实提前脱落药剂筛选

云杉矮槲寄生正在威胁三江源地区的部分云杉林,为阻断其传播途径,在云杉矮槲寄生刚结果初期喷施植物激素,促使其果实在种子未成熟就提前脱落。采用40％乙烯利水剂、20％国光萘乙酸粉剂、50％国光丁酰肼可溶性粉剂这3种植物激素进行促使云杉矮槲寄生的果实提前脱落的药剂筛选,结果表明在果实上喷施浓度为1：200的40％乙烯利水剂,施药后3d果实开始脱落,7d果实脱落率达到100％,其它2种药剂虽然也能促使提前落果,但效果次之。     

Clostridium piliforme infection (Tyzzer disease) in horses: retrospective study of 25 cases and literature review

Tyzzer disease (TD) is caused by Clostridium piliforme, a gram-negative and obligate intracellular bacterium. The disease occurs in multiple species. A triad of lesions, namely colitis, hepatitis, and myocarditis, is described in cases of TD in some species, such as rats and mice. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 25 equine cases with a diagnosis of TD; 24 of 25 cases occurred in foals <45 d old; the remaining foal was 90 d old. There were 12 males and 12 females; no sex information was available for one foal. The affected breeds were Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Arabian, Paint, and Hanoverian. Most of the cases (19 of 25) occurred in the spring. There were 9 cases of sudden death; the remaining animals had diarrhea, fever, distended abdomen, depression, weakness, non-responsiveness, and/or recumbency. Gross findings included icterus, hepatomegaly with acinar pattern, serosal hemorrhages, pulmonary edema, and/or fluid content in small and large intestine. Microscopically, all foals had severe, multifocal, necrotizing hepatitis. Necrotizing lymphohistiocytic colitis was observed in 10 of 25 foals, and multifocal necrotizing myocarditis was found in 8 of 25. Gram-negative, Steiner-positive, intracytoplasmic filamentous bacteria were observed in hepatocytes, enterocytes, and myocardiocytes, respectively. PCR detected C. piliforme DNA in the liver (24 of 24), colon (20 of 24), and heart (5 of 25). Our results indicate that necrotic hepatitis is the hallmark of TD in horses; the so-called triad of lesions is not a consistent characteristic of the disease in this species.     

A potential early clinical phenotype of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in genetically at‐risk pug dogs

BackgroundNecrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) in the pug dogs is a fatal neuroinflammatory disease associated with rapid progression and poor response to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is typically made after severe neurological abnormalities have manifested.Hypothesis/ObjectivePug dogs at genetic risk for NME might manifest neurological abnormalities before developing pathognomonic clinical signs of NME.AnimalsThirty‐six pug dogs less than 4 years of age asymptomatic for NME.MethodsProspective observational cohort study with germline genome‐wide genotyping. Neurological examinations were performed 4 weeks apart to document reproducible findings of central nervous system disease. Magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and testing for infectious diseases were performed in all pugs with reproducible abnormalities detected on neurological examination.ResultsThe overall risk allele frequency in this cohort was 40%; 5 (14%) dogs were high risk, 19 (53%) dogs were medium risk, and 12 (33%) dogs were low genetic risk for NME. Reproducible abnormalities detected on neurological examination were identified in 8/24 (33%) genetically at‐risk dogs and 0/12 (0%) low risk dogs. Clinical abnormalities included multifocal spinal pain in 8/8, reduced menace response in 5/8, and lateralizing postural reaction deficits in 5/8 pugs. There was a strong association between genotype risk and the presence of this clinical phenotype (P = .03).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur findings suggest the presence of a novel early clinical phenotype of NME in apparently asymptomatic genetically at‐risk pugs which might be used to plan early diagnostic and therapeutic clinical trials.     

姜黄素对不同品种肉鸡体脂沉积的作用及机理研究

以AA肉鸡和皖江黄鸡（公鸡）为对象,探讨了日粮中添加150 mg/kg、250 mg/kg、350 mg/kg的姜黄素对其体脂沉积的影响及作用机理。结果显示,添加250 mg/kg、350 mg/kg姜黄素显著地降低了AA肉鸡和皖江黄鸡腹脂率（P〈0.05）、肝脂率（P〈0.05）,皮下脂肪厚度（P〈0.05）;腹脂中激素敏感脂酶活性增强（P〈0.05）,苹果酸脱氢酶活性降低（P〈0.05）;肝脏中PPARαmRNA水平呈增加的趋势（P〉0.05）,PPARγ和MDH mRNA水平呈降低的趋势（P〉0.05）。上述结果提示姜黄素可能通过调控PPARα、PPARγ、MDHmRNA表达来影响肉鸡脂肪的沉积。     

蜡梅研究进展

对1992—2008年蜡梅类植物的研究成果进行了分析。在此基础上,从种质资源、形态分类、繁殖栽培、新品种选育、生物学特性、化学成分研究以及蜡梅的园林用途、切花保鲜等方面进行了论述,并对今后一段时期研究的重点提出了建议。     

独特的大果青杄群落吸引国际保护组织关注

湖北省保康县歇马镇施家沟村三组肖洞坡分布有一个举世独特、绝无仅有的大果青杄群落,其面积约有6hm2,总数约1000～1500株,年龄为1～300年,呈现不同龄级。其中包括132株高30m、胸径40cm以上的大树。近年来,这一群落已引起中外学者和专家的关注,当地被认为很有可能是大果青杄的残遗中心。     

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.     

高产苜蓿的种植与收获技术研究

苜蓿是具有高产潜力的多年生豆科牧草,不用氮肥就可达到高产生产。苜蓿生产中应及时去除杂草,控制生长阶段肥力和虫害以获取高产,并及时收割保证优质。阐述高产苜蓿的种植和收获技术及其经济价值。