砾漠区微地形下梭梭群落特征1）

以克拉玛依盐渍化砾漠梭梭群落为研究对象,通过对不同形态地形进行植被调查,研究微地形对梭梭植被群落特征的影响。结果表明：研究区域发现植物14种,隶属7科11属,不同地形之间物种组成存在差异;地形改变对梭梭群落草本层和灌木层植被密度、盖度影响显著;地形扰动有利于梭梭群落优势种生物量的提高,地形以深沟效果最优;不同形态地形导致梭梭群落多样性存在差异,深沟物种多样性和丰富度最高,土垄一次之,CK最小。根据梭梭群落盖度、灌木密度、优势种生物量和物种多样性可知,深沟是进行砾漠植被生态恢复的有利工程措施,并为盐渍化砾漠植被恢复提供新途径。     

Evolutionary impact assessment: accounting for evolutionary consequences of fishing in an ecosystem approach to fisheries management

Managing fisheries resources to maintain healthy ecosystems is one of the main goals of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). While a number of international treaties call for the implementation of EAF, there are still gaps in the underlying methodology. One aspect that has received substantial scientific attention recently is fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE). Increasing evidence indicates that intensive fishing has the potential to exert strong directional selection on life‐history traits, behaviour, physiology, and morphology of exploited fish. Of particular concern is that reversing evolutionary responses to fishing can be much more difficult than reversing demographic or phenotypically plastic responses. Furthermore, like climate change, multiple agents cause FIE, with effects accumulating over time. Consequently, FIE may alter the utility derived from fish stocks, which in turn can modify the monetary value living aquatic resources provide to society. Quantifying and predicting the evolutionary effects of fishing is therefore important for both ecological and economic reasons. An important reason this is not happening is the lack of an appropriate assessment framework. We therefore describe the evolutionary impact assessment (EvoIA) as a structured approach for assessing the evolutionary consequences of fishing and evaluating the predicted evolutionary outcomes of alternative management options. EvoIA can contribute to EAF by clarifying how evolution may alter stock properties and ecological relations, support the precautionary approach to fisheries management by addressing a previously overlooked source of uncertainty and risk, and thus contribute to sustainable fisheries.     

用HI试验检测鸡血清和卵黄中鸡毒霉形体抗体的研究

用超声波裂解的鸡毒霉形体（ＭＧ）Ｓ６菌液作抗原建立了检测鸡血清和卵黄中ＭＧ抗体的血凝抑制（ＨＩ）试验，ＨＩ试验的敏感性比血清平板凝集（ＳＰＡ）试验提高了２～３２倍。ＨＩ试验可检出卵黄中ＳＰＡ试验不足以检出的ＭＧ抗体。以ＳＰＦ鸡血清、卵黄抗体、鸡滑液囊霉形体（ＭＳ）阳性血清作对照，证明无假阳性反应及交叉反应     

Volatile 1-octen-3-ol induces a defensive response in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>

1-Octen-3-ol is a major volatile metabolite produced by mold fungi. When Arabidopsis plants were treated with 1-octen-3-ol, some defense genes that are turned on by wounding or ethylene/jasmonic acid signaling were induced. The treatment also enhanced resistance of the plant against Botrytis cinerea. When the induction of defense genes with 1-octen-3-ol was compared with that by volatile methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate treatments, the induction pattern was similar to that caused by MeJA. Thus, Arabidopsis seems to recognize 1-octen-3-ol and consequently activates its defense response.     

Optimal conditions for visualizing water-conducting pathways in a living tree by the dye injection method

To elucidate the water-conducting pathways in living trees by the dye injection method, suitable sample preparation procedures are needed. We evaluated quantitatively the properties and concentrations of three dyes (acid fuchsin, basic fuchsin and safranin) widely used for this purpose, and determined the optimal conditions required to avoid artifacts after dye injection into the sap stream of Pieris japonica D. Don. Among the dyes tested, an aqueous solution of acid fuchsin at a concentration of 0.1% or more was the most useful for delineating water movement. In non-transpiring stem segments, the vertical movement of acid fuchsin by capillarity and diffusion from the dye injection site was limited. However, acid fuchsin moved rapidly in the horizontal direction by capillarity and diffusion, and most xylem cells were stained within 2 h. A delay of more than 2 h between dye injection and examination of the tissues greatly reduces the precision of the method. Use of the dye injection method without appropriate, well-defined experimental procedures may give rise to misleading information about the functional water-conducting pathway in living trees.     

棉花早熟杂交种新陆早68号的特性及栽培技术

介绍了早熟杂交棉新陆早68号的选育过程、品种特性及栽培技术要点,为品种的推广应用提供技术支撑。     

Effects of crown length on indole acetic acid (IAA) amounts in cambial region tissues in lower and upper trunks of sugi cultivars (Cryptomeria japonica) in September

Indole acetic acid (IAA) was believed to be an important regulator in xylem formation in conifers. However, few studies have been done on the endogenous amount of IAA in cambial region tissues in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) trees. In this study, we report the IAA amounts in the lower and upper trunk of mature sugi cultivars (Kumotoshi, Yaichi and Obiaka) in September, and the effects of growth traits on the IAA amounts. The effect of height position (lower or upper trunk) on IAA amounts was found to be larger than that of genetic variation (Kumotoshi, Yaichi or Obiaka) by two-way ANOVA. There was no significant interaction effect (genetic variation × height position). The IAA amounts of all trees varied from 3 to 42 ng/cm² at the lower trunk and 9 to 47 ng/cm² at the upper trunk. Crown length and distance from crown base had significant positive and negative effects on IAA amounts in the trunk of sugi cultivars, respectively. Distance from crown base had a larger effect on IAA amounts than crown length. In Yaichi, taller trees had larger IAA amounts at both the lower and upper trunk.     

Inhibition of myosin light chain kinase by p21-activated kinase

p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are implicated in the cytoskeletal changes induced by the Rho family of guanosine triphosphatases. Cytoskeletal dynamics are primarily modulated by interactions of actin and myosin II that are regulated by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-mediated phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC). p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) phosphorylates MLCK, resulting in decreased MLCK activity. MLCK activity and MLC phosphorylation were decreased, and cell spreading was inhibited in baby hamster kidney-21 and HeLa cells expressing constitutively active PAK1. These data indicate that MLCK is a target for PAKs and that PAKs may regulate cytoskeletal dynamics by decreasing MLCK activity and MLC phosphorylation.