Picrotoxinin receptor in the central nervous system of the American cockroach: Its role in the action of cyclodiene-type insecticides

The nature of the picrotoxinin receptor was studied using the central nervous system (CNS) of the American cockroach. It first was confirmed by using an electrophysiological technique that the abdominal nerve cord of the American cockroach was sensitive to picrotoxinin. By using a $\text{[}{}^3\text{H]α-dihydropicrotoxinin}$ binding test it was determined that the picrotoxinin receptor in CNS of this insect had a higher affinity toward picrotoxinin and heptachlor epoxide than the corresponding receptor in the rat brain. Also, the cockroach brain preparation had a higher percentage of specific binding in the total binding, making this material suitable for receptor studies. By using a sucrose density centrifugation technique, it was determined that the fraction sedimented at the interphase of 1.0 to 1.2 M sucrose at 100,000g contained the highest level of specific binding site. The receptor showed a sensitivity to all insecticidal cyclodienes tested, namely photodieldrin, oxychlordane, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, γ-chlordane, dieldrin, aldrin, heptachlor, and isodrin (expressed in the order of potency). Among four BHC isomers, the γ-isomer showed the highest potency to bind with this receptor.     

Antibody response in vaccinated pregnant mares to recent G3BP[12] and G14P[12] equine rotaviruses

Background

Both the G3P[12] and the G14P[12] type of equine group A rotavirus (RVA) have recently become predominant in many countries, including Japan. G3 types are classified further into G3A and G3B. The G3A viruses have been circulating in Europe, Australia, and Argentina, and the G3B viruses have been circulating in Japan. However, only an inactivated vaccine containing a single G3BP[12] strain is commercially available in Japan. To assess the efficacy of the current vaccine against recently circulating equine RVA strains, we examined antibody responses in pregnant mares to recent G3BP[12] and G14P[12] strains by virus neutralization test.

Findings

After vaccination in five pregnant mares, the geometric mean serum titers of virus-neutralizing antibody to recent G3BP[12] strains increased 5.3- to 7.0-fold and were similar to that against homologous vaccine strain. Moreover, antibody titers to recent G14P[12] strains were also increased 3.0- to 3.5-fold.

Conclusions

These results suggest that inoculation of mares with the current vaccine should provide foals with virus-neutralizing antibodies against not only the G3BP[12] but also the G14P[12] RVA strain via the colostrum.     

发酵桂叶渣挥发性芳香气体成分固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用分析研究

采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用的方法分析发酵桂叶渣的挥发性香味成分,固相微萃取的条件为:萃取时间10 min,萃取温度90℃,色谱分离得到106种挥发性成分,66种可被鉴定,其主成分为乙酸乙酯(8.375%)、己酸丁酯(6.337%)、丁酸丁酯(4.866%)、δ荜澄茄烯(4.612%)、r衣兰油烯(4.405%)、α衣兰油烯(3.416%)、古巴烯(3.313%)等。     

Molecular characterization of the equine herpesvirus 1 strains RacL11 and Kentucky D

The pathogenicities of RacL11 and Kentucky D strains of equine herpesvirus 1 in the hamster infection model are different from those of Ab4p and the Japanese isolates. Virus genome restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequence comparison of an intergenic region, glycoproteins and tegument genes showed higher conservation but with some strain-specific differences. These results indicate that point nucleotide differences in RacL11 and Kentucky D might be responsible for their pathogenicity in rodent models.     

Verification of the prediction technique for the amount of adsorbed linuron on soils

The Freundlich isotherm was used to estimate the adsorption of the herbicide linuron on 39 Japanese soils to confirm the suitability of the prediction technique used in atrazine adsorption. Linuron was adsorbed on the soils according to the Freundlich isotherm. In conjunction with the log K _F prediction equation derived from the soil characteristics, it was possible to predict the linuron adsorption. Comparison of the equations for linuron with those for atrazine, indicated that the difference in the intercept of the 1 / n regression line against log K _F reflected the adsorptive characteristics of the herbicides.     

Shrinkage and swelling behavior of archaeological waterlogged wood preserved with slightly crosslinked sodium polyacrylate

In this article, the conservation of archaeological waterlogged wood (WW) of Afzelia sp. (medium degraded: U_max = 385%) was impregnated in vacuum with an aqueous solution of acrylic acid (AA), sodium acrylate monomer (AANa), crosslinking agent (MBA) and catalyst (V-501). The simultaneous in situ polymerization and crosslinking resulted in slightly crosslinked sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) in the wood structure. The results showed that untreated WW had only a very limited ability to re-swell to recover its original dimensions from a collapsed condition, while WW protected by crosslinked PAANa could almost fully recover its original shape and size even after several drying–rewetting cycles. From microscopic observations, treated wood was found to maintain its original cell structure, form and shape even after repeated drying–rewetting cycles. PAANa was observed to be densely localized near the middle lamella, the cell corners, and the cell lumina by transmission electron microscopy observation. These observations suggest that our PAANa treatment provides reasonable strength as well as favorable hydrophilicity to avoid hornification of the cell wall upon drying, thus providing unique shape recovery properties.     

柠檬叶挥发性成分的提取及分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从柠檬叶中提取挥发油中的油相成分,进一步以乙醚为溶剂从蒸馏馏出液中萃取挥发油中的水溶性物质;利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)表征了二者的化学成分,根据气相色谱峰面积归一化法进行定量.通过表征和分析比较得到:柠檬叶挥发油油相成分得率为0.33％(以鲜叶计),确定了其中的30种成分,占油相成分总量的96.35％,其主要成分为d-柠檬烯(29.91％),其后依次为β-蒎烯(20.37％)、香茅醛(18.52％)、桧烯(5.74％).柠檬叶水溶性成分得率为0.03％(以鲜叶计),确定了其中的30种成分,占水相成分总量的97.94％,其主要成分为d-柠檬烯(30.33％)、香茅醛(21.88％)、β-蒎烯(19.83％)、桧烯(6.49％).     

基于MODIS数据的黄河三角洲地表温度研究

指出了地表温度作为地表能量平衡中的异常重要的参数之一,它在地表与大气相互作用过程当中发挥着非常重要的作用,在地表能量平衡的研究也扮演着重要角色,特别在气象、水文、地质、生态等众多领域有着非常广泛的应用需要。对现有的地表温度反演的4种算法进行比较,最终确定选择劈窗算法。根据劈窗算法的需要,对 M ODIS数据波段选取,反演出黄河三角洲地区地表温度,并且利用实测的地表温度进行反演结果精度分析。