白僵菌及其伴生菌发酵液对线虫的毒力研究

采用发酵液浸没法,以4种线虫作为靶标,对6株白僵菌、7株伴生菌菌株进行了杀线虫活性筛选,以期获得新的、高效的杀线虫生防菌资源。其中:处理24 h对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita 2龄幼虫及大豆胞囊线虫Heterodera glycines 2龄幼虫校正死亡率均达80%以上的菌株仅有白僵菌Snef2598及伴生菌Snef5;供试菌株对水稻干尖线虫Aphelenchoides besseyi的毒力均较低,其中仅有1株白僵菌校正死亡率达到40%以上。处理48 h对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫校正死亡率达90%以上的菌株有白僵菌4株和伴生菌5株;对大豆胞囊线虫2龄幼虫校正死亡率超过90%的菌株有白僵菌3株和伴生菌1株;供试菌株对水稻干尖线虫毒力均较低,校正死亡率达60%以上的菌株有白僵菌3株和伴生菌2株;几乎所有供试菌株,对小杆线虫Caenorhabditis sp.的毒力均很高,处理24 h及48 h的校正死亡率均达97%以上,且被杀死的小杆线虫体壁以及虫体内部物质均被不同程度地消解。研究表明,球孢白僵菌菌株Snef2598及其伴生菌菌株Snef5对4种靶标线虫的毒力均较好,具有进一步研究的价值。     

Management of downy mildew of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) caused by Peronospora belbahrii by means of resistance inducers, fungicides, biocontrol agents and natural products

To control downy mildew of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), incited by Peronospora belbahrii Thines, a number of compounds were tested in 2011 and 2012 under glasshouse conditions. These included copper-based fungicides, biocontrol agents, and compounds previously reported to induce resistance in plants to pathogens. Results were compared with those provided by fungicides registered for downy mildew control in Italy. The tested compounds were used alone or applied in rotation in spray programs. In all trials, the greatest reduction in disease incidence and severity was found with treatments that included metalaxyl-M?+?copper hydroxide, a mineral fertilizer ‘Alexin’, mandipropanid, and azoxystrobin. The glucohumates activator complex and acibenzolar-S-methyl also provided significant disease control (P?<?0.05). The mineral fertilizer Alexin, the glucohumates activator complex and acibenzolar-S significantly reduced disease incidence and severity 20 days after the last treatment compared with the untreated control (P?<?0.05). Among the copper-based products, the greatest reductions in disease incidence and severity were provided by copper hydroxide with terpenic alcohols and copper oxychloride?+?copper hydroxide. The mineral fertilizer Kendal and prohexadione-Ca, as well as mustard oil, partially reduced disease incidence and severity compared with the untreated control (P?<?0.05), whereas the biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis QST 713 and thyme oil extract were not effective in two out of three trials. When different combinations of various products used in rotation were tested, effective control was found either using a rotation of fungicides with compounds that can induce resistance, as well as by using rotation with different resistance-inducing compounds on their own.     

应用DGGE分析秸秆日粮对奶牛瘤胃细菌群落的影响

【目的】通过与苜蓿日粮比较,揭示秸秆日粮模式下瘤胃固液相细菌群落的独特结构。【方法】选择12头健康且体重相似的装有永久瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛,分别饲喂以玉米秸秆（CS）和苜蓿、羊草、青贮玉米三者混合物（MF）为粗饲料组成的日粮,正饲期第13周连续3 d分12个时间点采集瘤胃固、液相内容物样品。提取微生物DNA后,利用PCR结合变性梯度凝胶电泳技术（DGGE）分析细菌群落结构,并进行聚类分析及差异条带的测序分析。【结果】与MF组相比,CS组奶牛瘤胃固、液相细菌DGGE图谱条带的数目和光密度均有一定差异,两处理组都各有一些稍显优势的条带,CS组优势条带要少于MF组。与MF组相比,CS组液相细菌的香浓多样性指数无差异（P＞0.05）,固相细菌香浓多样性指数显著降低（P＜0.01）;通过对差异条带进行测序,发现与MF组相比,CS组中瘤胃细菌Prevotella sp.、Acetivibrio ethanolgignens和Clostridium sp.减少,并且大量来源于Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes、Tenericutes和Proteobacteria等菌门的未培养细菌有所变化。【结论】秸秆日粮条件下奶牛瘤胃存在独特的细菌群落结构,细菌多样性较低。     

某电磁海流计数据接收显示应用

为了实时获取、显示海流计采集的潮流数据信息,方便港口引航部门与相关海事部门了解航道水流情况,以某型号的电磁海流计为例,分析海流计获取数据的数据电文结构,设计海流数据的解码方法与步骤,并提出相关参数的计算公式．结果表明,数据能够实时显示在已架构好的WEB网页上,可为设计其他类型的海流数据解析与显示系统提供参考．     

Molecular Typing of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Common Carp in Northeast China

A total of 59 isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were collected from common carp suffering from freshwater fish hemorrhage disease in 13 fishing grounds in the northeast China, and their phenotypic and genetic characteristics were investigated. All of the isolates were identified as A. hydrophila by traditional biochemical method and yielded a 686-bp DNA fragment of the 16S rDNA gene in the PCR experiments. Collected strains were also evaluated for their susceptibility to 17 different antibiotics. The isolates showed an even trend of the resistance and sensitivity to drugs, highly sensitive to antibiotics, such as Levofloxacin, PolymyxinB, Ofloxacin and resistant to antibiotics, such as Bristopen, Lincomycin, Ampicillin, Teicoplanin. Evaluation of genetic diversity was performed on all isolates by molecular typing with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) method. The results showed that three different types, i.e. type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ, were found in 59 isolates and type III accounted for a large proportion of 54.84%. There was no dominant difference between the tendency of the isolates of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in these three types, which showed Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ, while the isolates of Liaoning Province showed Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ. The percentage of different types in different provinces varied in each other; however, they didn’t show any obvious regional or cluster-specific branches. In conclusion, the ability to distinguish Aeromonas hydrophila strains from diseased common carp with ERIC-PCR would be useful for epidemiological investigation and population genetic analysis of this pathogen in China.     

4种杀菌剂防治小麦纹枯病药效研究

进行4种不同杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病的田间防治试验,结果表明:在小麦纹枯病发病初期,间隔10 d分2次喷施井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂6 000 g/hm2时,防效最好,对小麦纹枯病和白穗率的防效分别达到31.12%和79.41%,并能增产7.05%;喷施20%井冈霉素水溶粉剂500倍液,对小麦纹枯病和白穗率的防效分别达到26.05%和52.94%,增产效果为1.10%。     

巴渝传统园林的艺术展现——第九届中国(北京)国际园林博览会重庆展园设计

通过对第九届中国(北京)国际园林博览会重庆展园的设计,体现巴渝传统园林特色。通过布局、建筑、理水、植物、山石盆景,提炼巴渝传统园林的造园要点,并结合现代工艺,体现节约、生态原则。     

蓖麻籽蛋白质的粗分离

以蓖麻籽中总蛋白为研究对象,对磷酸盐法提取蓖麻籽中粗蛋白过程进行优化。结果表明,在硫酸氨饱和度为70%时对蓖麻籽中粗蛋白的提取效率最高;利用优化后的磷酸盐法对7个不同发育时期的蓖麻籽中的蛋白质进行粗提取,并利用紫外分析法对所提取的不同生长阶段的蓖麻籽中的粗蛋白进行比较分析,结果发现自植株授粉后到获取蓖麻籽的时间间隔越长蓖麻籽中总蛋白积累量就越高。