不同品系小麦和小黑麦种子中金属元素含量的比较研究

应用中子活化分析技术，分析了２５个品系小麦和小黑麦种子中的金属元素的含量。检测出１９种元素，其中必需的营养元素９种，重点比较了微量营养元素的含量。结果表明，不同品种上种子中元素一有较大的差异，表明在营养元素的吸收利用上存在着不同的基因型，本实验为有效利用土壤营养元素物小麦育种提供了选择基因型和进行筛选的依据。     

Using midday stem water potential for scheduling deficit irrigation in mid–late maturing peach trees under Mediterranean conditions

Irrigation techniques that reduce water applications are increasingly applied in areas with scarce water resources. In this study, the effect of two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. “Catherine”] performance was studied over three growing seasons. The experimental site was located in Murcia (SE Spain), a Mediterranean region. Two RDI strategies (restricting water applications at stage II of fruit development and postharvest) based on stem water potential (Ψ_s) thresholds (?1.5 and ?1.8 MPa during fruit growth and ?1.5 and ?2.0 MPa during postharvest) were compared to a fully irrigated control. Soil water content (θ_v), Ψ_s, gas exchange parameters, vegetative growth, crop load, yield and fruit quality were determined. RDI treatments showed significantly lower values of θ_v and Ψ_s than control trees when irrigation water was restricted, causing reductions in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rates. Vegetative growth was reduced by RDI, as lower shoot lengths and pruning weights were observed under those treatments when compared to control. However, fruit size and yield were unaffected, and fruit quality was slightly improved by RDI. Water savings from 43 to 65 % were achieved depending on the year and the RDI strategy, and no negative carryover effect was detected during the study period. In conclusion, RDI strategies using Ψ_s thresholds for scheduling irrigation in mid–late maturing peach trees under Mediterranean conditions are viable options to save water without compromising yield and even improving fruit quality.     

Measured and estimated water use and crop coefficients of grapevines trained to overhead trellis systems in California’s San Joaquin Valley

The use of overhead trellis systems for the production of dry-on-vine (DOV) raisins and table grapes in California is expanding. Studies were conducted from 2006 to 2009 using Thompson Seedless grapevines grown in a weighing lysimeter trained to an overhead arbor trellis and farmed as DOV raisins for the first two years and for use as table grapes thereafter. Maximum canopy coverage for the two lysimeter vines across years was in excess of 80 %. Seasonal (15 March–31 October) evapotranspiration for the lysimeter vines (ET_Lys) was 952 mm in 2007 (farmed as DOV raisins) and 943 and 952 mm (when farmed as table grapes). The maximum crop coefficient (K _cLys) across all 4 years ranged from 1.3 to 1.4. These maximum values were similar to those estimated using the relationship where K _c is a function of the amount of shaded area measured beneath the canopy at solar noon (K _c = 0.017 × percent shaded area). Covering the lysimeter’s soil surface with plastic (and then removing it) numerous times during the 2009 growing season (1 June–14 September) reduced ET_Lys from an average of 6.4 to 5.6 mm day^?1 and the K _c from 1.07 to 0.93. A seasonal basal K _c (K _cb) was calculated for grapevines using an overhead trellis system with a 13 % reduction in the K _cLys across the growing season.     

改进田间杂草识别图像预处理方法的研究

机器视觉系统采集到的田间杂草图像在分割之前,需要对图像进行预处理来改善图像的视觉效果。为了提高图像的预处理效果,针对杂草图像的特点,在多级加权中值滤波算法的基础上,增加3个不同大小尺寸的二维滤波掩膜,使得在去除噪声的同时尽可能保留了更多的细节特征,从而改善了田间杂草图像的滤波效果。     

甜菜力学特性的试验研究

甜菜的力学特性是机具研发的基础。利用英国Instron-4411型万能材料试验机,对"KWS3148"甜菜不同部位的试样进行压缩试验,分别研究了取样位置、加载速率和含水率对甜菜力学特性的影响,并得到收获期甜菜的弹性模量和抗压强度。试验结果表明:甜菜没有明显的屈服极限,破裂点较为明显;甜菜的力学特性受取样位置和加载速率的影响,且尾根处抗压强度最小;载荷加载速率对甜菜的弹性模量和最大抗压强度影响极显著,载荷位置对甜菜的最大抗压强度影响显著;随着加载速率的增加,同位置试样的弹性模量逐渐增大,最大抗压强度先减小后增大;甜菜的弹性模量和最大抗压强度分别随着含水率的减小而增大;弹性模量为(12.17±2.26)MPa,抗压强度为(2.6 7±0.3)MPa。     

制动状态下的AMT换挡策略

根据车辆动力学及发动机辅助制动特性研究了制动状态下AMT自动换挡策略。研究了高强度制动状况下在挡辅助制动对前、后轴利用附着系数的影响，获得了符合相关国家标准的换入空挡的临界车速。中强度持续制动可以识别为下长坡的运行工况，定义了辅助制动的等效制动强度，在分析试验数据的基础上给出了根据制动强度和车速2个参数的主动降挡辅助制动换挡规律。     

喷油泵试验台智能量油系统的研究

为解决喷油泵试验台量油系统测量误差较大的问题，本研究通过采集喷油器针阀升程、喷油压力、转速等信号精确测得喷油量。     

地下滴灌灌水器出口正压试验研究

通过试验 ,研究了灌水器类型、流量、工作压力和土壤初始含水量对地下滴灌灌水器出口正压的影响规律。结果表明 :灌水器埋入土壤后 ,其出流由于受土壤等因素的限制 ,在灌水器出口处产生了一定的正压 ,该正压随着灌水历时的延长而增大。影响地埋灌水器出口正压的主要因素是灌水器的额定流量和土壤初始含水量     

基于动力学模型的自动引导车智能导航控制研究

提出了一种基于动力学模型的智能控制方法，将导航系统得到的信息输入智能控制器，由它输出自动引导车动力学模型所需要的控制量。因为该控制器记忆了自动引导车的动力学特性，所以使用此智能控制器的自动引导车能够较平稳地避开动态和静态障碍物。仿真实验结果表明，装有此系统的自动引导车能有效避开动态和静态障碍物，安全、可靠、平稳地驶向指定的目标，从而验证了本文提出的方法是正确和有效的。     

离心泵泵腔内液体流动数学模型研究

在建立泵腔内流体流动的4层流动模型基础上，计算了不同雷诺数、泄漏量条件下泵腔内液体的圆周速度、径向速度及压力沿径向的分布规律。结果表明：泵腔内液体大部分以叶轮旋转角速度的48％作刚体旋转运动，而不是普遍认为的50％；泵腔内压力系数仅是腔体内液体雷诺数的函数，和泄漏量关系不大；雷诺数越小，泵腔内压力梯度沿径向越大；在泵腔内存在雷诺数和泄漏量的最优搭配。