Microbial community in a multi-trophic aquaculture system of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Styela clava</Emphasis> and microalgae

An integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system consisting of the ascidian Styela clava and the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with microalgae was grown in a seawater mesocosm. Microbial populations in the water, sediment and shelters were monitored over time. The composition of the water microbial community in the IMTA system did not differ significantly from that of the traditional culture system without ascidians. Bacterial populations in the water, sediment and shelters were low in the traditional A. japonicus aquaculture system, and lower in the IMTA system. The number of Vibrios in the water, sediment and shelters in the IMTA system was significantly lower than in the traditional culture (p < 0.05), while the quantity of Bacillus was higher in the sediment and shelters. All of these results indicate that the IMTA system effectively inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, an important positive function in the health of the culture. The bacterial diversity index in the water in the IMTA system was between those of the baited and non-baited traditional aquacultures and was slightly reduced in the shelters. Over time, the bacterial diversity index in the sediment gradually dropped, especially in summer and autumn, when it was significantly lower than in the traditional culture. In winter, the diversity index increased to some extent, approaching that of the traditional culture.     

金铁锁种子繁殖技术研究

对金铁锁种子繁殖技术进行研究,为其人工引种驯化、规范化种植提供依据。研究结果表明：金铁锁种子千粒重为2．26g,种子无后熟休眠特性,在室温条件下贮藏,寿命至少在2年以上,其种子萌发的最适温度为20～25℃,最适出苗湿度为50％～60％,种子最适覆土厚度为0．5～1．0cm。金铁锁种子发芽率高,种子繁殖是金铁锁大面积人工种植的最佳繁殖方式。     

凉水国家级自然保护区松鼠冬季重取区的生境特征

采用无线电跟踪观察和固定样地调查的方法,研究了凉水国家级自然保护区松鼠冬季重取生境特征。结果表明:松鼠的重取区集中在巢树附近40~60 m内的林隙中,重取区的乔木以针叶树为主,地面被覆苔藓及阔叶树落叶。重取区的冠层郁闭度和灌木密度均低于对照样地。重取生境的特征表明,空间记忆和视觉刺激是松鼠重取的可能机制。     

上海市老港垃圾填埋场潮滩重金属污染及评价研究

以上海市老港垃圾填埋场潮滩为例,研究了沉积物中重金属的分布特征,并采用化学法和潜在生态危害指数法评价了潮滩重金属的污染状况及其潜在生态危害,以期为保护潮滩环境以及利用潮滩进行垃圾渗滤液的净化提供科学依据。结果表明,受垃圾渗滤液排放和生物活动影响,老港潮滩表层沉积物中重金属(除Cu外)的含量在向海向上均表现为:高潮滩>低潮滩>中潮滩;Cr和Zn的含量在氧化池排污口处明显高于其它排污口,而Pb的含量在自然排污口处最高;老港潮滩沉积物受到一定程度的重金属污染,以Zn的污染最为严重,由这4种元素造成的潜在生态危害是中等的,其中,Cu和Pb的毒性贡献最大。     

退耕还林区森林景观优化策略研究——以云南盐津县为例

文章立足于新一轮退耕还林的重点实施区域云南省盐津县,分析了其在实施层面的现状与问题,研究了县域范围内立地条件、生态敏感性、植被资源及景观斑块等要素,提出了景观优化对策,力求在退耕还林区营建具有复合功能的森林景观以发挥多重效益,以期为同类研究与实践提供有益参考。     

均布荷载下拱的弹塑性二次分岔屈曲性能初探

使用一种新的屈曲路径跟踪策略,对拱在平面内的弹塑性极值点屈曲和二次分岔屈曲全过程进行跟踪分析,得到全跨均布荷载作用下材料、截面相同而矢跨比不同的拱的弹塑性极值点屈曲荷载和二次分岔屈曲荷载,以及半跨均布荷载作用下其极值点屈曲荷载.研究结果表明：对于弹塑性拱结构,在全跨均布荷载作用下,二次分岔屈曲总是最危险的屈曲形式,其发生必定先于极值点屈曲.对于材料、截面相同,矢跨比0.1～0.5的拱,半跨均布荷载作用下矢跨比0.23的拱极值点屈曲极限承载力最大;全跨均布荷载作用下,矢跨比0.1的拱极值点屈曲和二次分岔屈曲极限承载力均大于其他拱.将得到的全跨和半跨均布荷载作用下不同长细比、不同矢跨比拱的弹塑性极限承载力计算结果归纳总结,得到极限承载力简化计算公式,可以直接查用,便于工程设计中使用.     

香水月季类原球茎(PLBs)途径再生植株的研究

以香水月季(Rosa odorata)的嫩叶为外植体,采用MS基本培养基,添加不同质量浓度的2,4-D、TDZ和IBA,研究了类原球茎再生植株的效果.主要步骤如下:1)嫩叶在MS 2,4-D1.0 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L Gelrite 3 g/L培养基上暗培养4周,愈伤组织诱导率达100%,愈伤组织上的类根体(rhizoid)发生率最高,生成率可达71%.2)类根体在含TDZ的培养基(1/2 MS TDZ 13 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L Gelrite 3 g/L)上,分化成类原球茎柬,诱导率达71.0%,平均类球茎束为2.1.3)类原球茎在含IBA的培养基(Ms BA 2.0 mg/L IBA 0.01 mg/L GA 3 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L Gelrite 3 g/L)上,发育出小植株,萌发率为29.3%;不能萌发的类原球茎上有白色假珠芽产生.白色珠芽可进行增殖、脱分化、再分化出芽,其植株再生率为46.7%.4)再生苗的生根培养基为1/2MS NAA 0.2 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L 琼脂6 g/L,生根率为100%.5)小苗经驯化后移栽到灭菌草炭土:蛭石(体积比为1:1)基质上,成活率为95%.     

以CP23重组蛋白为抗原建立检测微小隐孢子虫抗体间接ELISA方法的研究

摘要：以在E.coli高效表达的微小隐孢子虫子孢子表面抗原CP23为抗原，以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法。经检测筛选出最佳反应条件为1μg／孔纯化的E.coli表达的CP23抗原包被酶标板，用10％免血清进行封闭，以正常E.coli裂解上清液稀释待检血清。实验表明应用CP23重组蛋白作为诊断C.parvum抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点。