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J.P. Bouillet J.P. Laclau J.L.M. Gonalves M.Z. Moreira P.C.O. Trivelin C. Jourdan E.V. Silva M.C. Piccolo S.M. Tsai A. Galiana 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,255(12):3918-3930
The sustainability of plantation forests is closely dependent on soil nitrogen availability in short-rotation forests established on low-fertility soils. Planting an understorey of nitrogen-fixing trees might be an attractive option for maintaining the N fertility of soils. The development of mono-specific stands of Acacia mangium (100A:0E) and Eucalyptus grandis (0A:100E) was compared with mixed-species plantations, where A. mangium was planted in a mixture at a density of 50% of that of E. grandis (50A:100E). N2 fixation by A. mangium was quantified in 100A:0E and 50A:100E at age 18 and 30 months by the 15N natural abundance method and in 50A:100E at age 30 months by the 15N dilution method. The consistency of results obtained by isotopic methods was checked against observations of nodulation, Specific Acetylene Reduction Activity (SARA), as well as the dynamics of N accumulation within both species. The different tree components (leaves, branches, stems, stumps, coarse roots, medium-sized roots and fine roots) were sampled on 5–10 trees per species for each age. Litter fall was assessed up to 30 months after planting and used to estimate fine root mortality. Higher N concentrations in A. mangium tree components than in E. grandis might be a result of N2 fixation. However, no evidence of N transfer from A. mangium to E. grandis was found. SARA values were not significantly different in 100A:0E and 50A:100E but the biomass of nodules was 20–30 times higher in 100A:0E than in 50A:100E. At age 18 months, higher δ15N values found in A. mangium tree components than in E. grandis components prevented reliable estimations of the percentage of N derived from atmospheric fixation (%Ndfa). At age 30 months, %Ndfa estimated by natural abundance and by 15N dilution amounted to 10–20 and 60%, respectively. The amount of N derived from N2 fixation in the standing biomass was estimated at 62 kg N ha−1 in 100A:0E and 3 kg N ha−1 in 50A:100E by the 15N natural abundance method, and 16 kg N ha−1 in 50A:100E by the 15N dilution method. The total amount of atmospheric N2 fixed since planting (including fine root mortality and litter fall) was estimated at 66 kg N ha−1 in 100A:0E and 7 kg N ha−1 in 50A:100E by the 15N natural abundance method, and 31 kg N ha−1 in 50A:100E by the 15N dilution method. The most reliable estimation of N2 fixation was likely to be achieved using the 15N dilution method and sampling the whole plant. 相似文献
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Fruit development, not GPP, drives seasonal variation in NPP in a tropical palm plantation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Navarro MN Jourdan C Sileye T Braconnier S Mialet-Serra I Saint-Andre L Dauzat J Nouvellon Y Epron D Bonnefond JM Berbigier P Rouziere A Bouillet JP Roupsard O 《Tree physiology》2008,28(11):1661-1674
We monitored seasonal variations in net primary production (NPP), estimated by allometric equations from organ dimensions, gross primary production (GPP), estimated by the eddy covariance method, autotrophic respiration (R(a)), estimated by a model, and fruit production in a coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantation located in the sub-tropical South Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu. Net primary production of the vegetative compartments of the trees accumulated steadily throughout the year. Fruits accounted for 46% of tree NPP and showed large seasonal variations. On an annual basis, the sum of estimated NPP (16.1 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) and R(a) (24.0 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) for the ecosystem (coconut trees and herbaceous understory) closely matched GPP (39.0 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)), suggesting adequate cross-validation of annual C budget methods. However, seasonal variations in NPP + R(a) were smaller than the seasonal variations in GPP, and maximum tree NPP occurred 6 months after the midsummer peak in GPP and solar radiation. We propose that this discrepancy reflects seasonal variation in the allocation of dry mass to carbon reserves and new plant tissue, thus affecting the allometric relationships used for estimating NPP. 相似文献
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Louise Morin Katherine J. Evans Mireille Jourdan Don R. Gomez John K. Scott 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(2):289-303
Biological control agents can be more effective if their populations are genetically diverse, particularly when the target
invasive plant comprises a range of genotypes with different susceptibilities and occurs across various microclimates. We
report on the use of an efficient approach to find, in the native range, diverse isolates of a rust fungus for biological
control. An outdoor trap garden containing various clones of invasive European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg.) collected in Australia, each with a different DNA phenotype, was established in France. Within 4 weeks of establishment,
the leaf-rust fungus Phragmidium violaceum was recovered from all clones in the garden. Molecular analyses of eight recovered and purified isolates of the fungus from
the garden revealed that they were genetically distinct from each other and from isolates already present in Australia. These
garden isolates also represented a subset of the population existing in Europe, when compared to isolates collected about
30 years ago. Two pathogenicity phenotypes were observed among the garden isolates in bioassays consisting of representative
blackberry clones from Australia, and together the isolates were capable of infecting all clones. Results from host-specificity
tests on key non-target plant species closely related to European blackberry concurred with previous findings that the leaf-rust
fungus does not pose a threat to commercial blackberry cultivars and Rubus species native to Australia. The release and establishment of the garden isolates in Australia has potential to increase
the genetic diversity and evolutionary potential of the leaf-rust fungus for more effective biological control. 相似文献
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Reference intervals for the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy canines
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Jennifer H. Kopanke Annie V. Chen Jourdan E. Brune Amanda C. Brenna Stephanie A. Thomovsky 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(2):267-274
Background
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) exists as 5 isoenzymes (LD‐1 through LD‐5) that are expressed throughout the body and can be detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). LD and its isoenzymes have been relatively unstudied in veterinary medicine, although studies in human medicine have demonstrated that changes in total LD activity and atypical isoenzyme patterns can indicate disease processes, including neurologic abnormalities.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to establish RIs for LD and its isoenzymes in the serum and CSF of clinically healthy dogs. By establishing a definitive RI for this enzyme in healthy canines, further study of the clinical and diagnostic usefulness of LD can be undertaken.Methods
Serum and atlantoaxial CSF were collected from clinically healthy dogs. Total LD activity was measured spectrophotometrically immediately after collection. Isoenzyme distributions were also determined within 8 hours of collection using the QuickGel LD Isoenzyme technique and a densitometric scanner.Results
The median serum total LD in healthy canines was 69.0 U/L (n = 41; range: 21.0‐217.0 U/L), while the median CSF total LD was 10.0 U/L (n = 40; range: 6.0‐19.3 U/L). LD‐5 is the predominant isoenzyme in canine serum (n = 40), contributing over half of the total enzyme activity. Conversely, in canine CSF (n = 42), LD‐1 is the predominant isoenzyme, followed by LD‐2 and LD‐3.Conclusions
Knowledge of the distribution and concentration of LD in the serum and CSF of healthy dogs will set the foundation for future studies of canine LD as a potentially clinically useful biomarker. 相似文献17.
J.-P. Laclau J.-P. Bouillet J.L.M. Gonçalves E.V. Silva C. Jourdan M.C.S. Cunha M.R. Moreira L. Saint-André V. Maquère Y. Nouvellon J. Ranger 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008
Nitrogen fertilizer inputs increased sharply over the last decade in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Due to the economic and potential environmental cost of fertilizers, mixed plantations with N-fixing species might be an attractive option to improve the long-term soil N status. A randomized block design was set up in southern Brazil, including a replacement series and an additive series design, as well as a nitrogen fertilization treatment. The development of mono-specific stands of Eucalyptus grandis (0A:100E) and Acacia mangium (100A:0E) was compared with mixed plantations in proportions of 1:1 (50A:50E), and other stands with different densities of acacia for the same density of eucalypts. The objective was to assess the effect of inter-specific interactions on the early development of the two species. Aboveground biomass was measured 6, 12, 18 and 30 months after planting, sampling 6–10 trees of each species per treatment at each age, and allometric equations were established in 0A:100E, 100A:0E, 50A:50E and 50A:100E. The height and basal area of E. grandis seedlings were enhanced by 12% and 30%, respectively by N fertilization at age 1 year. Inter-specific competition led to a stratified canopy, with suppression in acacia growth earlier for basal area than for height. The mean number of stems per acacia tree at 36 months after planting was significantly higher in pure stands (3.7), than in 50A:50E (2.7) and in the additive series (between 1.6 and 1.8). H/D ratios were highly sensitive to inter-tree competition for the two species. The suppressed acacia understorey in mixed-species stands did not influence biomass production and partitioning within eucalypts. This pattern led to biomass accumulation combining the two species in 50A:100E that was about 10% higher than in 0A:100E, from age 12 months onwards. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) amounted to 25 Mg ha−1 and 37 Mg ha−1 from age 18 to 30 months in 100A:0E and 0A:100E, respectively. Acacia ANPP in 50A:100E amounted to 2 Mg ha−1 over the same period, as a result of substantial inter-specific competition. An increment in biomass production in these very fast-growing eucalypt plantations was achieved introducing acacia as an understorey and not in the 50A:50E design, as observed in other studies. 相似文献
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Armel Thongo M’bou Christophe Jourdan Philippe Deleporte Yann Nouvellon Laurent Saint-André Jean-Pierre Bouillet Fidèle Mialoundama André Mabiala Daniel Epron 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(6):609-609
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Mohamed Awaz Monnier Yogan Mao Zhun Jourdan Christophe Sabatier Sylvie Dupraz Christian Dufour Lydie Millan Mathilde Stokes Alexia 《New Forests》2020,51(1):41-60
New Forests - Understanding the processes driving plant phenology is crucial for assessing how shifts in climate affect plant productivity and species’ distribution. Despite the key role of... 相似文献
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Jin Zhao Qingwu Xue Kirk E. Jessup Thomas H. Marek Wenwei Xu Jourdan Bell 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2023,209(1):116-131
Deficit irrigation (DI) is an effective way to save irrigation water while maintaining sustainable yield in irrigated crops. However, limited information is available related to canopy structure and solar radiation use under DI condition. In this study, our objective was to assess maize hybrids for leaf development, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception and water use under DI condition. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in four maize hybrids at well-watered (I100, referring to 100% evapotranspiration [ET] requirement) and DI (I75, referring to 75% ET requirement) water regimes. Compared to I100, I75 did not reduce maize biomass and grain yield. Although DI reduced the leaf appearance rates (1.5% in 2016 and 7.6% in 2017) and resulted in greater variations in leaf area index (LAI) among hybrids, the amount of PAR interception was not affected during the growing season. DI significantly reduced the seasonal ET in both years (19.8% in 2016 and 26.6% in 2017). All the hybrids extracted more soil water (29 mm in 2016 and 27 mm in 2017) at I75 than at I100. Maize plants at I75 had greater water use efficiency (WUE) (1.68 kg m−3) than those at I100 (1.41 kg m−3). However, DI did not affect radiation use efficiency (RUE). In conclusion, DI at I75 maintained grain yield through improved soil water extraction and WUE but stable canopy radiation interception and RUE. 相似文献