油茶耐低磷指标鉴定及芽苗砧筛选

目的 本研究旨在探讨不同油茶半同胞子代实生苗的耐低磷能力,筛选耐低磷性强的砧木以及可用来鉴定油茶耐低磷性的关键指标,为油茶良种繁育以及耐低磷的机制研究奠定基础。 方法 以12个品种油茶的半同胞实生苗为研究对象,进行盆苗试验,设定正常磷1 mmol·L−1 KH2PO4、低磷0 mmol·L−1 KH2PO4 2个浓度,测定生物量、叶形态、根系形态、全磷等14个指标,以耐低磷系数为衡量油茶耐低磷的依据,建立逐步回归模型判别耐低磷关键指标。 结果 低磷胁迫减少了大部分油茶地上部分和根系的生物量积累,增加了根冠比和总磷利用效率。主成分分析将14个指标转化为4个独立的综合指标,累计贡献率达90.398%。依据综合评价值（D）,12个品种油茶半同胞子代聚类为3种类型,其中,GF20、CL3、84-3为相对不耐低磷类型;W1、CL53、GX48为中间型;G8、CL4、W2、CL40、CL18、83-4为相对耐低磷类型。PA（总磷积累量）、SPC（地上全磷）、TRA（总根表面积）、LW（叶宽）、RPC（根全磷）指标的回归模型为：D = −0.960 + 0.666PA + 0.341SPC + 0.379TRA + 0.460LW + 0.197RPC。 结论 低磷胁迫或许会抑制油茶的生长,但普遍增加根冠比和总磷利用效率。长林18、长林40、赣8、长林4、赣无2、赣石83-4相对耐低磷。总磷积累量、地上全磷、总根表面积、叶宽、根全磷可作为油茶耐低磷性的判断指标。     

5-烯醇式丙酮酰-莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)基因AM79 aroA的活性位点分析

AM79 aro A(WO/2009/059485)基因是从草甘膦高度污染的土壤中克隆的、具有我国自主知识产权的新型草甘膦抗性基因,具有重要应用价值。为进一步解析AM79 EPSPS蛋白的作用机制,本研究对此蛋白的活性位点进行了研究。进化树分析显示AM79 EPSPS属于Ⅰ型EPSPS。序列比对结果表明AM79 EPSPS中第107位的丙氨酸(Ala),第114位的苯丙氨酸(Phe),第355位的Ala和第356位的组氨酸(His)是特异的。采用重叠延伸PCR介导的核苷酸定点突变技术,对这些保守的氨基酸位点进行定点突变。将AM79 aro A及其突变基因转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)aro A缺陷型菌株ER2799中,并进行草甘膦抗性鉴定。结果显示,Phe114、Ala355和His356等氨基酸的突变,使AM79 EPSPS蛋白的草甘膦抗性降低,表明这些氨基酸位点对于维持AM79 EPSPS高抗草甘膦的能力是必需的。同源建模结果表明,这些保守氨基酸位点的突变,使AM79 EPSPS蛋白的结构发生变化,这可能是导致突变蛋白草甘膦抗性能力降低的原因。两个Ⅰ型EPSPS(荧光假单杆菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)G2EPSPS和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)EPSPS)对应氨基酸突变后,其草甘膦抗性没有明显变化,表明AM79 EPSPS中几个特异的氨基酸位点的功能在Ⅰ型EPSPS中并不是保守的。本研究结果为解析AM79 EPSPS高抗草甘膦的作用机理及对AM79 EPSPS进行定向进化提供了理论依据。     

2000—2010年“一带一路”沿线林地变化

基于欧洲宇航局全球气候变化计划(Climate Change Initiative)2000、2010年土地利用数据,对"一带一路"沿线林地变化进行了分析。结果表明:2000—2010年"一带一路"沿线林地呈下降趋势。俄罗斯、东南亚大部分国家以及印度等林地面积下降突出,仅中国林地面积呈增加趋势。林地转为耕地(52 473 km~2)和草地(14 848 km~2)是主要转出类型,耕地转为林地(19 539 km2)以及林地内部转移(386.55 km~2)是主要转入类型。俄罗斯和中国林地转入面积较大(>20 km~2),南亚的印度、孟加拉国,东南亚的马来西亚、印度尼西亚、泰国以及俄罗斯等林地转出面积较大(>2 000 km~2)。     

济宁市兖州区农机安全现状与对策

通过对济宁市兖州区农业机械的基本情况、事故伤害情况进行分析,给出了相对应的建议与对策。      

富马酸及其与甲酸钙复配替代抗生素对川藏黑猪日粮酸结合力及生产性能的影响

试验旨在评价富马酸及富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂取代饲用抗生素对川藏黑猪日粮酸结合力(ABC)及猪生产性能的影响。选用(52.36±9.76)kg左右健康黑猪50头,按体重、性别随机分为5个处理,每处理4重复,分别饲喂无抗负对照、抗生素正对照1(恩拉霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素)、抗生素正对照2(吉他霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素)、0.5%富马酸(FA)、0.5%的富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂产品(FA+CF)日粮。结果表明,与负对照比较,FA及FA+CF极显著降低饲料p H值及饲料ABC值(P=0.00)。28 d饲养试验结果表明,日粮处理的生产性能差异未达统计学显著水平(P≥0.05),但与负对照比较,FA及FA+CF处理日增重分别降低5.7%、3.5%,料重比(FCR)分别上升4.3%、8.4%;而正对照1、2比负对照日增重分别提高8.98%、5.38%,FCR分别降低4.74%、上升1.70%。与负对照比较,FA处理还导致猪腹泻率及腹泻指数显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)上升,FA及FA+CF处理分别降低养殖经济效益16.2%、15.13%。此结果显示,0.5%富马酸及0.5%的富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂不能起到饲用抗生素的促生长作用。     

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Barodon on Growth Performance,Innate Immunity and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Olive Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,Against Streptococcus iniae

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Barodon, an anionic alkali mineral complex, on growth, feed utilization, humoral innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder. A basal experimental diet was used as a control and supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5% Barodon. Triplicate groups of fish (26.4 ± 0.2 g) were fed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 wk. The growth performance was enhanced (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically in fish fed diets containing Barodon compared with that in fish fed the control. Feed utilization was significantly improved by Barodon supplementation. Serum lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased quadratically in Barodon fed groups. Also, significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity was found in Barodon‐fed fish. Dietary supplementation of 0.1–0.3% Barodon resulted in significant enhancement of fish disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. The findings in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of Barodon can enhance growth, feed utilization, innate immunity, and disease resistance of olive flounder and that the optimum level seems to be 0.1% in diets.     

Ultrastructural impairment of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice

AIM: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. The expression of insulin and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in islet microvessels was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The ultrastructural changes of islet β cells and islet microvessels were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the number of islet β cells, ratio of β cells/α cells, average number of secretory granules in β cells and insulin expression area per islet in diabetic group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Besides, diabetic group had fewer microvessels with lower expression of CD31 (P<0.01). Mitochondria in islet microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes in diabetic group were swelling. The basement membrane of islet microvessels became thicker in diabetic group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Islet microvascular endothelial cells were impaired in type 1 diabetic mice.     

转角法施工镀锌高强螺栓关键技术

常州现代传媒中心主塔楼屋顶高88 m的钢塔(塔桅钢结构)设计工艺复杂,施工难度极大,所有钢构件均进行热浸锌防腐处理,采用8.8级热浸锌高强螺栓连接。考虑到钢结构拼接节点热浸锌高强螺栓的安装质量直接影响塔桅钢结构的安全和稳定,通过对热浸锌高强螺栓施工工艺进行反复论证、试验,最终确定采用转角法施工热浸锌高强螺栓,取得了理想的施工效果,确保了工程施工质量。     

Evolution Analysis About Soybean MIR166 Family

MicroRNA(miRNA) is a class of important regulating non-coding small molecular RNA. The gma-MIR166 gene family consists of 21 members and their expression patterns diversify widely. It is important to analyze the evolution of gma-MIR166 gene family in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of miRNAs in soybean. In this study, we implemented soybean wide genome block analysis, the molecular phylogeny of gma-MIR166 and block analysis of gma-MIR166 family. The results showed that both chromosome big segmental duplications and tandem duplications were main reasons contributed to the expanding of gmaMIR166 gene family. These findings suggested that gma-MIR166 gene family might originate from one or two ancient miRNA genes. The results of research provided a support for evolutionary study of miRNAs in soybean and related species in Fabaceae.     

复杂疾病的遗传咨询技术

复杂疾病大面积爆发使人们的生活健康面临着重大挑战。在这一环境下,遗传咨询在人们的生活中占据了越来越重要的地位。依据基因与环境互作共同影响个体健康的原理,咨询者在遗传咨询师的指导帮助下合理解决各种遗传学问题可以有效降低复杂疾病的发病率。目前国内的遗传咨询发展尚处于萌芽期,随着遗传咨询在健康领域的地位上升,该技术在未来将会进一步推广应用。