牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机的设计与试验

红枣残枝粉碎还田是目前亟待解决的问题。为此,设计了一种牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机,通过对辊破碎和动定刀粉碎共同作用实现粉碎效果。对破碎辊轴、粉碎主轴的转速和功率等参数进行了详细阐述,规范了动刀在主轴上的排布方式,选用双螺旋式刀具排布,确保同一时刻有且仅有两个动刀同时工作,有效降低了振动和机组动力损耗,提高了工作效率。运用ANSYS软件对主轴进行了静力学分析及模态分析,得出了应力应变图及粉碎主轴前6阶固有频率和振型图。应力应变图表明:最大应力为8.3326 MPa,最大变形量为0.017419 mm,参考材料特性,主轴强度满足设计要求,故主轴设计合理、安全。模态分析结果表明:最低固有频率为98.286Hz,所对应的临界转速5897 r/min远大于初定主轴转速2000 r/min,因此在工作中主轴转动时不会产生共振现象。样机试验结果表明:粉碎机工作生产率为817.67kg/h,吨功耗为49.06kW/h,噪声为95.3dB,粉碎粒度合格率为86.97%,可以实现连续稳定运作,粉碎粒度符合还田技术要求。     

基于MDA的农业电子商务平台研究与实现

将一种新的软件开发框架模型驱动架构应用于农业电子商务系统的建设中,按照模型驱动架构划分的3个阶段对农业电子商务系统进行了建模和实现,并与传统的农业类软件开发方式进行比较。模型驱动架构用于农业电子商物平台不仅提高了开发效率,缩短开发时间而且能够快速构建出坚固、安全性好的农业电子商务系统,满足农业类企业和消费者的需求。     

草莓根腐病研究进展

草莓根腐病是草莓根部重要病害,特别是在多年种植草莓的重茬地块,严重时可造成整个草莓园区的毁灭。该病的发生具有逐年上升趋势,已成为草莓产业发展的主要障碍之一。世界范围内草莓主产区已报道的根腐病病原物达20种之多,是一种较难防治的土传病害。文章从草莓根腐病的分类与特点、发生与危害、根腐病病原物生物学、病害症状及防治方法等方面全面阐述了国内外草莓根腐病的研究进展,并从化学、物理、农业、生物防治等方面介绍了目前草莓根腐病的主要防治方法,最后从生态学的角度对该病防治的研究前景进行了展望。     

分葱对黄瓜、萝卜和白菜的化感作用

以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）,萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）和白菜（Brassica chinensis L.）3种蔬菜作物为受体,通过种子萌发试验及幼苗生长试验,对分葱（Allium fistulosum L.var.caespitosum Makino）根系及其地上部水浸液的化感作用进行了初步研究。结果表明：分葱根系和地上部水浸液对黄瓜、萝卜和白菜具有一定的化感作用。对黄瓜和萝卜的萌发有一定的抑制作用,而对其幼苗生长有一定的促进作用;对白菜的萌发表现为低浓度促进高浓度抑制,而对其幼苗生长有一定的抑制作用。因此,在蔬菜栽培制度中,分葱可与黄瓜和萝卜进行合理的轮作与间套作;但可能不适宜与白菜进行轮作或间套作。     

密度和缓控释肥对红花标记杂交棉鲁05H9生育进程及产量的影响

本试验以红花标记杂交棉鲁05H9为材料,研究不同密度条件下缓控释肥对其生育进程及产量的影响。结果表明:鲁05H9在不同处理条件下生育进程稳定,施缓控释肥四桃比例更为合理,伏桃和早秋桃所占比例较大;随着密度增大,总产量提高,群体铃数也增加,但单株铃数和平均铃重降低,密度对单株铃数的影响达到显著水平;与常规施肥相比,施缓控释肥可以提高平均铃重,同时影响产量及其构成因素;密度和施肥方式的交互作用对产量及其构成因素的影响未达到显著水平。在产量最高的4.2万株/hm2密度条件下,缓控释肥处理每公顷可以增收472元。因此,综合经济及环保效益,鲁05H9在黄河流域棉区可以结合较高密度和缓控释肥方式加以推广应用。     

Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary urea in sheep rations having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio. Sixty‐four Dorper × thin‐tailed Han crossbred ram lambs with an average body weight of 30.8 (±0.02) kg were randomly divided into four groups of 16 sheep each, and each group was fed one of the following diets: a basal diet (CON), or CON supplemented with 0.5% (0.5UTM), 1.5% (1.5UTM) or 2.5% (2.5UTM) urea. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, non‐carcass offals, meat quality and peptic tissue lesions were assayed. The average daily weight gains for CON, 0.5UTM, 1.5UTM and 2.5UTM were 216, 218, 200 and 170 g, respectively, with the CON and 0.5UTM groups higher than 2.5UTM group (p < 0.05). Sheep from the 2.5UTM treatment had a significantly lower dry matter intake (1.29 kg/day) than those from the CON and 0.5UTM treatments (1.42 and 1.43 kg/day, p < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in the 2.5UTM group was the highest (p < 0.05). Carcass characteristics, including shrunk body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dress percentage, and the absolute or relative weight (% body weight) of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not altered by the treatments (p > 0.05). The muscular pH of 2.5UTM was higher than that of CON (5.68 vs. 5.52, p < 0.05), and shear force in 0.5UTM was lower compared with CON and 2.5UTM (p < 0.05). The anatomical structure lesions in kidneys became more serious with the increasing dietary urea concentrations, with the 2.5UTM animals showing the most severe lesions compared with CON animals. Therefore, supplementary urea as a non‐protein nitrogen source for sheep should not exceed 1.5% of ration having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio to ensure efficacy and safety.     

不同耕作制对水田土壤有效硅的影响

人工模拟试验结果表明,耕型旱地红壤改为不同稻作制后有效硅下降,其顺序为冬油>冬绿>冬泡,淹水植稻期间是前期明显增加,到分蘖末期达峰值,孕穗至始穗期显著下降,以后缓慢继续降低,到黄熟期降到最低值;早、晚稻期间比较,晚稻期明显减少,而不同耕作制相比,则冬泡制高于冬种制,另外,施用有机肥能使有效硅提高,且随用量增加而加大。     

盐胁迫对刺槐不同组织及细胞离子吸收和分配的变化

该文从器官水平和细胞水平对盐胁迫后的刺槐苗离子含量进行分析 ,比较了不同组织膜透性和盐离子在刺槐组织及细胞中的分配特点 .研究表明 :随胁迫时间的延长 ,叶片细胞膜系统受到的伤害比根部细胞膜系统大 .根部的Na+含量较高 ,其分布量的顺序是根 >茎 >叶 ,叶片中盐离子含量较低 ,从而减少了盐胁迫对地上部的毒害 ;K+的含量则与Na+相反 ,其分布量的顺序为 :叶 >茎 >根 ,幼嫩的组织中分布较多 ,以保证植物正常的代谢活动 .刺槐根皮层细胞的液泡中积累Na+和Cl-的量远高于细胞质 ,说明刺槐的根皮层细胞对Na+和Cl-具有一定的区隔化作用 .刺槐叶肉细胞的细胞壁、细胞质和液泡中Na+和Cl-的含量没有明显差别 .测定结果表明 ,器官水平与细胞水平耐盐机制具有一致性     

A Novel and Reliable Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Lactoperoxidase Activity in Raw Milk

With 3, 3'5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) as the detection substrate, a reliable and highly selective method was established and optimized for the determination of Lactoperoxidase(LP) activity in raw milk. The method was based on the enzymatic reaction principle, where hydrogen peroxide oxidated TMB in the presence of LP. The optimized conditions of this assay system were obtained, consisting of 20 mmol · L~(-1) TMB solution, 0.6 mmol · L~(-1) hydrogen peroxide and 0.1 mol · L~(-1) Citric Acid(CA)/0.2 mol · L~(-1) disodium hydrogen phosphate(Na P) buffer(pH 4.8). TMB detection method was applied to the analysis of LP in milk samples with a practical working concentration range from 2 to 14 mg · L~(-1). The intra-and inter-batch variation coefficients were all below 5%, indicating a good repeatability. Confirmation test between TMB method and 2, 2-azinobi(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) diammonium salt(ABTS) method was carried out, and the results of TMB assay were in accordance with that of ABTS method.     

黄海北部中国对虾合理放流数量的讨论

在黄海北部放流虾的渔获量(y 百万尾)与放流数量(x 亿尾)之间有着统计学上可置信的关系,α=0.05,用 y=ax+bx~2描述,a=14.63,=0.45。最大放流量为16亿尾,最佳经济放流量为15亿尾(计数误差20%)。在目前条件下,我们认为控制放流量在11亿尾(计数准确率90%)是合理的。预测了前景,提出了可供选择的方案。