Old-growth forests can accumulate carbon in soils

Old-growth forests have traditionally been considered negligible as carbon sinks because carbon uptake has been thought to be balanced by respiration. We show that the top 20-centimeter soil layer in preserved old-growth forests in southern China accumulated atmospheric carbon at an unexpectedly high average rate of 0.61 megagrams of carbon hectare-1 year-1 from 1979 to 2003. This study suggests that the carbon cycle processes in the belowground system of these forests are changing in response to the changing environment. The result directly challenges the prevailing belief in ecosystem ecology regarding carbon budget in old-growth forests and supports the establishment of a new, nonequilibrium conceptual framework to study soil carbon dynamics.     

Coherent electronic fringe structure in incommensurate silver-silicon quantum wells

Atomically uniform silver films grown on highly doped n-type Si(111) substrates show fine-structured electronic fringes near the silicon valence band edge as observed by angle-resolved photoemission. No such fringes are observed for silver films grown on lightly doped n-type substrates or p-type substrates, although all cases exhibited the usual quantum-well states corresponding to electron confinement in the film. The fringes correspond to electronic states extending over the silver film as a quantum well and reaching into the silicon substrate as a quantum slope, with the two parts coherently coupled through an incommensurate interface structure.     

数据包络分析CCR在病虫防治综合评价中的应用

本文将数据包络分析中的CCR模型应用于农作物病虫防治效果的综合评价.该方法通过比较各种防治措施的投入和产出,确定一种成本最低,综合效果最好的防治策略.本文以各种防治措施对苹果果园病虫害进行防治的模拟数据为例,详细介绍了CCR模型在病虫综合防治评价中的应用.结果表明,CCR模型对各种防治措施进行综合评价时具有多输入和多输出且不依赖权重调整的优势,评价结果客观、易用.     

Toxins from a symbiotic fungus, Leptographium qinlingensis associated with Dendroctonus armandi and their in vitro toxicities to Pinus armandi seedlings

Leptographium qinlingensis is an ophiostomatoid fungal pathogen associated with a forest pest Dendroctonus armandi, which causes enormous deaths of its host trees Pinus armandi. The objective of this research was to isolate and characterise some toxic metabolites from cultures of the pathogen. Three toxins, 6-methoxymethyleugenin (compound 1), maculosin (cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), compound 5) and cerevisterol (compound 12), together with 11 other compounds, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the cultures of L. qinlingensis by several chromatographic methods. Their structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including ESIMS, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR, in comparison with those reported in the literature. Phytotoxic test showed that these three compounds were active in vitro against both aseptic Pinus armandi seedlings and field P. armandi seedlings. The present investigation demonstrated that three toxic metabolites including 6-methoxymethyleugenin, maculosin and cerevisterol, which were biosynthesized by L. qinlingensis isolated from the insect Dendroctonus armandi on Pinus armandi tree, could be phytotoxic to P. armandi seedlings.     

不同沙土配比对约书亚树幼苗生理特征的影响

为了确定适宜培育约书亚树幼苗的沙土配比条件,以获得更适应恶劣、干旱环境的壮苗,在温室环境下,利用人工配比栽培土壤培育约书亚树幼苗,并利用LI—6400型光合仪测定2年生幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及其环境因子,同时测定幼苗体内渗透调节物质及酶活性指标,研究不同沙土配比对约书亚树幼苗生理特征的影响。结果表明:不同沙土配比对约书亚树幼苗的光合作用及渗透调节物质影响显著,但对幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响不大。随着土壤环境的旱化,幼苗净光合速率降低,水分利用效率升高。较其它处理,沙土配比为5∶5左右的幼苗水分利用率最高(7.366μmol·m-2·s-1),该处理幼苗体内脯氨酸的质量分数(4.886μg·g-1)及可溶性蛋白质的质量分数(15.554 mg·g-1)均较高,分别为最低值的2.8、1.2倍。除抗氧化酶CAT活性随配比土壤中沙量的增加呈递减趋势外,SOD、POD、APX、GR活性差异不显著。     

自动气象站人工站和自动站记录差值的对比分析

随着自动站在我省的应用和普及,在使用过程中我们发现,自动站与人工站记录相比,存在着一定的差值。我们根据值班中出现的一些实际情况,主要从气压、温度、风、降水、地面温度、浅层地温、深层地温七个方面分析了各要素差异的原因,总结出了一些实用方法,与大家一起分析和探讨。     

基于状态评价的电气设备完整性管理

针对管道公司电气设备管理和预防性试验工作的现状,建立了基于状态评价的电气设备完整性管理系统。通过对预防性试验数据和设备运行、监测数据进行分析,建立了设备的状态评价系统,根据设备状态评价、风险评估、检修策略建议和状态检修决策结果,探索将设备周期性检修转变为状态检修,实施电气设备完整性管理。通过计算机通信技术和数据库网络功能实现电力设备及其预防性试验数据共享,自动换算,统一报告格式,保存和统计分析历史数据,评价设备状态,实现设备缺陷的闭环管理,为职能部门判断设备状况和决策提供辅助支持功能,促进管理的规范化、科学化,提高管理的整体水平。介绍了设备完整性管理系统在节省设备维修资金、延长设备寿命、提高人身安全性和实现试验检修无纸化4个方面的应用效果。     

欠发达县域乡村生态旅游开发构想——以贵州省黔西县为例

乡村生态旅游是未来乡村旅游的发展方向。乡村生态旅游非常适合乡村旅游资源丰富,而生态环境较脆弱的欠发达县域开展。通过简述乡村生态旅游开发的相关研究进展,以贵州省黔西县为个案,对黔西县乡村生态旅游资源进行了分类研究,并从区位、客源、近邻旅游竞合关系、旅游资源互补性和景点离散度5个方面对其开发条件进行了评价,在此基础上,笔者从乡村生态旅游的空间布局规划、旅游产品体系设计、旅游景观廊道构建、旅游品牌形象塑造和旅游制度建设5个方面提出了开发设想,以期对欠发达县域乡村生态旅游开发提供参考。     

春玉米氮肥不同施肥时期对比试验初报

本试验为探索都安县免耕春玉米对氮肥的合理运筹问题,确定适宜的施氮量与施氮时期及分配比例,选用玉米新品种桂单589为材料,采用田间小区试验,设三个追氮时期及分配比例,对免耕春玉米主要经济性状、品种综合性状、田间抗性、籽粒产量、施肥经济效果等方面进行了研究,旨在为高产免耕春玉米氮肥的合理施用提供理论依据,试验结果及结论如下:本试验主要探索免耕春玉米氮肥不同施肥时期对产量的影响。第1处理(苗3:秆2:苞5)(①3:2:5)、第2处理(苗2:秆3:苞5)(②2:3:5)、第3处理(苗0:秆4:苞6)(③0:4:6);667m2产干籽分别为512.0kg、432.3kg、440.3kg,第1处理(苗3:秆2:苞5)(①3:2:5)产量最高。     

白花丹素体外抗细菌、真菌及其生物被膜活性研究

白花丹素是传统天然药用植物白花丹的主要活性成分之一,近年来对其所具有的抗癌活性研究较广,但对其抗菌活性研究较少,尤其是对菌类生物被膜的抗性研究国内外还未见报道。为了进一步了解白花丹素的生物活性,本研究不仅分别考察了白花丹素抗金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌以及白色念珠菌悬浮菌的活性,同时还考察了其对上述三种菌所形成的生物被膜的作用活性。依据临床实验室标准化协会提出的M27-A标准,本研究采用96孔板进行微量稀释法检测白花丹素对三种菌悬浮菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度;然后通过96孔板对上述三种菌分别建立生物被膜模型,最后考察白花丹素对三种菌的生物被膜最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。结果表明,白花丹素对上述三种菌的悬浮态和生物被膜态均具有一定的抗菌活性,白花丹素具有抑制细菌和真菌生物被膜的潜在开发价值,实验为进一步研究其抗细菌和真菌生物被膜活性提供了实验基础和依据。