观赏桃花新品种‘品霞’

‘品霞’是北京植物园采用人工授粉方法培育的桃花新品种,其父本为‘白花山碧桃’,母本为‘合欢二色桃’。杂交育种及筛选于1994—1996年在北京植物园进行,杂交种子播种后于1998年首次开花,并发现一株粉色(69A)变异,花期明显早于母本,与父本的花期基本接近。经多年繁殖其性状稳定,适应性强,适宜在园林中推广应用。     

住宅建筑热泵的热源选择

指出了住宅建筑的暖通空调能耗占建筑能耗的比重大,较燃煤取暖而言,热泵技术的节能效果显著。从原理特点、适用性、限制条件、土建和设备建设难度和周期、后期管理维护等方面分析了空气、地表（下）水、土壤、太阳能和污水等热泵热源,探讨了住宅建筑热泵热源选择的总的原则。     

基于曲面分区的多道次数控渐进成形轨迹生成

为实现含有直壁等难成形曲面的高效成形,以三角网格模型为研究对象,提出基于曲面分区的个性化多道次数控渐进成形方式和在各曲面分区内进行各道次成形加工所需轨迹生成方法.给出了基于可成形性的三角网格曲面分区算法和通过偏置来生成各曲面分区多道次螺旋线成形轨迹的方法.算法应用实例表明,该方法能够对曲面进行分区,并为相关曲面分区生成光滑连续的多道次螺旋线成形轨迹.     

低压空气辅助缸内直喷汽油机进气道设计

以2.0L四气门进气道喷射汽油机为样机,设计低压空气辅助缸内直喷汽油机,运用CFD仿真技术与气道稳流试验相结合对其进气道进行设计.建立了原进气道喷射汽油机进气道的三维仿真模型并进行计算和分析,表明气道流通能力不够强,有强滚流运动;气道内部三维流场分析结果说明部分区域存在气体滞留现象,通过气道稳流试验台对仿真结果进行了验证.根据低压空气辅助直喷汽油机对缸内气流运动特性的要求,在CFD仿真软件中对进气道结构进行了优化,通过调整气门杆附近的截面积、削弱滚流强度,提高了进气道的流通能力,同时改善了局部气流滞留现象.     

智能化超高压食品灭菌设备

设计了一套智能化超高压食品加工设备,分析并确定了水介质增压器、单向阀、卸压阀、容器密封和温控系统的结构和相关参数.试验表明,整机结构合理、操作方便、性能稳定、安全可靠.利用该设备在600 MPa处理鲜榨桃汁5 min,产品符合商业无菌要求.     

Symbiotic N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation and nitrate utilisation in irrigated lucerne (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>) systems

Symbiotic N₂ fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N₂ fixation using ¹⁵N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO₃⁻ by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N₂ fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N₂ fixation amounts we calculated average N₂ fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N₂ fixing species examined.     

非洲猪瘟自然弱毒株演变进程

自2018年非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)传入中国以来疫情得到了有效控制.但2021年以后,我国的ASF流行情况出现了新的变化,临床中出现了"自然变异株".这些毒株可能导致感染后临床症状不典型,容易与其他疫病混淆等问题.这与国外的流行演变规律一致,即当ASF在一个国家或地区流行较长时间后,其...     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus halepensis</Emphasis> somatic embryogenesis is affected by the physical and chemical conditions at the initial stages of the process

Pinus halepensis has been described as a drought-tolerant species with high plasticity to growth in different environments. Its eco-physiological characteristics could facilitate the use of this species in large afforestations in the future scenery of climate change. Somatic embryogenesis is a biotechnological tool with potential for large-scale clonal propagation. In order to establish an improved regeneration protocol for Pinus halepensis, the effects of different temperatures (18, 23, and 28 °C) and water availability conditions (2, 3, and 4 g L^?1 Gelrite^®), during initiation of embryonal masses on the rate of initiation, proliferation, maturation, and the number of embryos developed, were evaluated. It was found that environmental conditions during the initiation stage of Pinus halepensis somatic embryogenesis influence the success of initiation and proliferation. In contrast, there was no effect of these conditions on the maturation rates and the number of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were obtained in all treatments tested, indicating that plants can be produced from extreme conditions of induction, such as high temperatures (28 °C) and low water availability conditions (4 g L^?1).     

滩地造林抑螺作用机理研究进展

长江流域滩地是我国钉螺分布的主要区域,也是血吸虫病的主要流行区。近些年我国大力实施的林业血防工程通过滩地营造人工杨树林,使得钉螺原有孳生地的多种生物要素和非生物要素发生了明显变化,显著减少了钉螺种群的分布空间,从而有效控制了血吸虫病的传播。目前,国内外在滩地造林后单一要素改变对钉螺的影响方面已有较多研究,但有关生物要素与非生物要素对钉螺分布的交互作用还未有深入探索,对钉螺孳生产生抑制作用的关键要素尚不明确。文中综述了滩地造林后林下的草本植物群落、土壤理化性质、光照、地温等诸多要素发生变化对钉螺生存的不利影响,总结了滩地造林抑螺作用机理的研究进展,提出该领域今后的重点研究方向,以期为滩地造林抑螺作用机理的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

古田山国家自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物物种多样性研究

分析了古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物区系和物种多样性.结果表明:古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物种类十分丰富,计有维管束植物64科114属198种(含变种),其中蕨类植物7科8属19种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物55科104属177种.种子植物区系成分复杂,具有较高的热带成分比例.不同群落类型其物种多样性不同,4种常绿阔叶林群落类型中以栲树林物种多样性最高,甜槠-木荷林物种多样性最低.在群落垂直结构中,除钩栗林外,灌木层→乔木层→草本层物种多样性依次降低.乔木层与灌木层的物种多样性指数差异不显著,而乔木层、灌木层的物种多样性指数均显著大于草本层.