四轮驱动汽车牵引力模糊控制方法仿真研究

建立了四轮驱动汽车加速过程的数学模型,采用模糊控制方法,建立了以滑转率为控制对象的汽车牵引力控制系统TCS(Traction Control System),用Matlab的模糊工具箱进行了模糊控制器的设计,并在Simulink仿真环境下进行了动态仿真,结果表明:基于模糊控制的TCS可将驱动轮滑转率控制在最佳值附近,有效地改善车辆的牵引性和动力性,抑制驱动轮过度滑转。     

基于分解机制的多目标蝙蝠算法

在分析蝙蝠算法性能基础上,将蝙蝠算法融入分解机制,提出了一种基于分解机制的多目标蝙蝠算法。为了进一步提高算法的多样性,将差分进化策略引入算法中。对14个具有复杂Pareto前沿的多目标优化问题(LZ-09系列和ZDT系列)测试不同邻域规模对算法性能的影响,结果表明新算法的邻域规模为20时性能最优;将其与MOEA/D-DE和NSGA-II算法进行对比分析,结果显示该算法的分布性、收敛性和多样性均优于另外两种算法。为了验证其求解含有约束问题的性能,将其应用于滑动轴承多目标优化设计问题中,获得的Pareto前沿分布均匀,表明算法具有工程实用性,是求解复杂高维多目标问题的有效方法。     

Functional changes of retinal ganglion cells in rd1 mice during midterm of retinal pigmentosa

AIM: To investigate how the function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) change in the midterm of retinal pigmentosa (RP) in rd1 mice (a transgenic animal model of RP). METHODS: The action potentials from multiple RGCs in rd1 mice at postnatal 20 d (P20) or normal C57 mice (control) were simultaneously recorded by multi-electrode array recording. The functional changes of surviving ganglion cells were evaluated by comparing spontaneous and light-evoked activities of RGCs between rd1 and control mice. The extent of photoreceptor degeneration was verified by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry results showed the thickness of the retinal photoreceptor layer of rd1 mice was significantly lower than that in normal mice at P20. According to the light response properties, we classified ganglion cells into 6 subgroups: ON sustained, ON transient, ON-OFF sustained, ON-OFF transient, OFF sustained and OFF transient RGCs, with a very tiny percentage of OFF sustained RGCs (1.0%~3.1%). The percentage of RGCs remaining light responsive in rd1 mice was significantly lower than that in C57 mice. The average spontaneous spiking rate for rd1 RGCs was overall significantly increased compared to that in C57 cells, whereas different RGC types had different changes. The light-induced responses and light sensitivities of all types of RGCs in rd1 mice were both significantly lower than those in C57 mice. CONCLUSION: The photoreceptors of rd1 mice are severely degenerated in the midterm of retinal degeneration. The functions of RGCs in rd1 mice in the midterm of degeneration decay obviously, with variance in different RGCs types.     

Effects of Activity Flour of Isomalto-Oligosaccharides Bacterium Substance from Corn on Growth Performance and Hormone Secretion of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

本研究在饲粮中分别添加3个不同剂量的玉米源异麦芽寡糖菌质粉(IBS),旨在研究其对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和内源性激素分泌的影响.选择1日龄黄羽肉鸡270只,公母各占1/2,随机分成5组.对照1组饲喂基础饲粮,对照2组在基础饲粮中添加4.27 g/kg市售食品级低聚异麦芽寡糖粉,试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加6、12、24 g/kg IBS.结果表明:1)与对照1组相比,试验1、2、3组死亡率分别降低33.30％、49.95％、49.95％;1～52日龄,试验1、2、3组平均日增重分别提高8.80％ (P ＜0.01)、11.02％ (P ＜0.01)、7.80％(P＜0.01);试验1、2、3组料重比分别降低8.73％ (P ＜0.05)、9.09％ (P ＜0.01)、6.91％ (P ＜0.05);试验2组血清中甲状腺素含量提高8.68％ (P ＜0.05);试验3组血清中胰高血糖素含量降低24.75％(P＜0.05);在血清胰岛素动态变化过程中,采食后1h,试验1组提高40.31％ (P ＜0.05),采食后2h,试验2组提高40.09％ (P ＜0.05);在血清生长激素动态变化过程中,采食后1h,试验3组提高35.18％ (P ＜0.05),采食后2h,试验2、3组分别提高48.26％ (P ＜0.05)、42.72％(P＜0.05);试验2、3组血清中生长激素含量总体平均值分别提高23.65％ (P ＜0.05)、26.29％(P＜0.05).2)与对照2组相比,试验2、3组死亡率均降低24.97％;1～ 52日龄,试验1、2、3组平均日增重分别提高6.57％ (P ＜0.05)、8.75％(P＜0.01)、5.59％(P＜0.05);在血清胰岛素动态变化过程中,采食后2h,试验2组提高44.55％ (P ＜0.05);在血清生长激素动态变化过程中,采食后2h,试验2、3组分别提高50.24％ (P ＜0.05)、44.63％ (P ＜0.05);试验3组血清中生长激素含量总体平均值提高23.80％ (P ＜0.05).结果提示,黄羽肉鸡饲粮中添加一定剂量的IBS,对其生长性能、激素分泌有促进作用,且在本试验的3个剂量中,以添加12 g/kg IBS综合效果最佳.     

影响和制约绿色农业产业发展的 关键性问题探讨

党的"十八大"把生态文明建设放在特别重要的战略地位,首次提出了增强生态产品生产能力。为适应这一新要求,为社会提供越来越多安全、生态的绿色农产品,该文立足河北邯郸市绿色农产品生产现状,就下一步绿色农产品生产的发展思路及相应关键性措施作一些初步的研究和探讨。     

28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸WP对水稻秧田杂草及产量的影响

研究了28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸对水稻秧田稗草[Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.]、鸭舌草[Monochoia vaginalis(Burm.f.)]等的防除效果,并测定了杂草对氮、磷、钾和水分的影响以及对水稻产量的影响.结果表明,28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸WP对水稻秧田的主要杂草具有良好的防治效果,有效成分用量为168～420 g/hm2的28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸对水稻秧田稗草密度防效和鲜重防效分别为84.06％～98.50％、91.55％～98.63％,对鸭舌草的密度防效和鲜重防效分别为94.06％～100.00％、90.94％～100.00％,显著优于对照药剂10％苄嘧磺隆WP和50％二氯喹啉酸WP.28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸施用后,增产效果总体优于对照药剂,在水稻秧田具有良好的推广前景.     

水稻新品种杰优8号三个相关高产栽培因子研究

利用小区对比试验方法,探讨了播量、密度、施氮量对水稻新品种杰优8号株型、群体结构及产量的影响,结果表明:在3种播量,2个密度条件下,对应各处理在拔节期单位面积最高分蘖数、成熟期有效穗数随施氮量的增加而增大,成穗率随施氮量的增加而减少.采用适宜的栽培措施,形成好的株型,构建合理的群体,创造高产结构,有利于水稻增产.在本试验条件下,水稻新品种杰优8号可获得9 958.5 kg/hm2的产量.     

浅析玉米缺粒与秃尖症状发生原因及对策

玉米生产过程中,而忽视了玉米缺粒与秃尖等生理病害的发生与预防,在生产实践中常造成严重的损失。为此探讨玉米缺粒与秃尖症状发生原因及防治对策,对减轻或避免玉米生产中玉米缺粒与秃尖等生理病害造成的损失有重要意义。     

A possible mechanism of mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains

Increasing attentions have been paid to mineral concentration decrease in milled rice grains caused by CO2 enrichment, but the mechanisms still remain unclear. Therefore, mineral(Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) translocation in plant-soil system with a FACE(Free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment were investigated in Eastern China after 4-yr operation. Results mainly showed that:(1) elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass.(2) Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf.(3) Elevated CO2 had positive effects on the weight ratio of mineral/biomass in stem and panicle. Our results suggest that elevated CO2 can favor the translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn from soil to stem and panicle. The CO2-led mineral decline in milled rice grains may mainly attribute to the CO2-led unbalanced stimulations on the translocations of minerals and carbohydrates from vegetative parts(e.g., leaf, stem, branch and husk) to the grains.