雪茄烟叶发酵过程中颜色参数与发酵品质的关系

【目的】分析发酵过程中雪茄烟叶颜色参数与多酚类物质、化学成分及评吸质量的关系,为快速分析雪茄烟叶发酵过程中发酵品质提供参考。【方法】以调制后的德雪3号中部二级雪茄烟叶为试验材料,采用人工堆积法进行发酵30 d,从发酵开始每隔5 d取样1次,直至发酵结束。测定发酵过程中烟叶颜色参数（亮度值（L^*）、红度值（a^*）、黄度值（b^*）、饱和度（C）、色泽比（H）、色相角（H⁰）、色差值（ΔE））、多酚类物质（莨菪亭、绿原酸、芸香苷、总酚）含量、化学成分（总糖、还原糖、总氮、蛋白质）含量及评吸质量（香气质、香气量、劲头、浓度、余味、杂气、刺激性、甜度、灰色）的变化,分析颜色参数变化与多酚类物质、化学成分及评吸质量的关系,并建立动态变化预测回归方程。【结果】随着发酵进程的推进,雪茄烟叶多酚类物质（莨菪亭、绿原酸、芸香苷、总酚）含量、化学成分（总糖、还原糖、总氮、蛋白质）含量与颜色参数L^*、a^*、b^*、C值均呈缓慢降低的变化趋势,H值呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,H⁰值呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,ΔE值呈缓慢上升的变化趋势。发酵25~30 d烟叶的评吸质量较好,各评吸指标较未发酵烟叶均有明显提升。相关分析表明,发酵过程中雪茄烟叶颜色参数与多酚类物质、化学成分和评吸质量达显著或极显著水平。回归分析表明,多酚类物质和化学成分对发酵过程中雪茄烟叶颜色变化有直接影响,评吸质量与颜色参数关系密切。【结论】通过量化雪茄烟叶发酵过程中颜色参数,建立发酵过程中评吸质量变化模型,提高雪茄烟叶发酵过程中的可调控性及烟叶品质。     

PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN AGRONOM

● Virtual joint centers on N agronomy were established between UK and China. ● Key themes were improving NUE for fertilizers, utilizing livestock manures, and soil health. ● Improved management practices and technologies were identified and assessed. ● Fertilizer emissions and improved manure management are key targets for mitigation. Two virtual joint centers for nitrogen agronomy were established between the UK and China to facilitate collaborative research aimed at improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production systems and reducing losses of reactive N to the environment. Major focus areas were improving fertilizer NUE, use of livestock manures, soil health, and policy development and knowledge exchange. Improvements to fertilizer NUE included attention to application rate in the context of yield potential and economic considerations and the potential of improved practices including enhanced efficiency fertilizers, plastic film mulching and cropping design. Improved utilization of livestock manures requires knowledge of the available nutrient content, appropriate manure processing technologies and integrated nutrient management practices. Soil carbon, acidification and biodiversity were considered as important aspects of soil health. Both centers identified a range of potential actions that could be taken to improve N management, and the research conducted has highlighted the importance of developing a systems-level approach to assessing improvement in the overall efficiency of N management and avoiding unintended secondary effects from individual interventions. Within this context, the management of fertilizer emissions and livestock manure at the farm and regional scales appear to be particularly important targets for mitigation.     

不同精粗比饲粮中添加壳聚糖对体外瘤胃发酵甲烷产量和发酵特性的影响

本试验旨在利用长期人工瘤胃系统——Rusitec系统研究不同精粗比饲粮中添加壳聚糖对体外瘤胃发酵甲烷产量和发酵特性的影响。采用2×2两因子试验设计,2个因子分别为饲粮精粗比[30∶70(低精料饲粮)和70∶30(高精料饲粮)]和是否添加壳聚糖(0和1 500 mg/罐),共构成4组,每组4个重复。结果表明:与低精料饲粮相比,高精料饲粮显著降低了甲烷产量,中性洗涤纤维和粗蛋白质的降解率,发酵液乙酸和丁酸含量、乙酸/丙酸、氨氮浓度(P<0.05),显著提高了总产气量和丙酸含量(P<0.05);添加壳聚糖显著降低了甲烷产量和总产气量、粗蛋白质的降解率、发酵液乙酸和丁酸含量、乙酸/丙酸、氨氮浓度(P<0.05),显著提高了丙酸含量(P<0.05);在甲烷产量和总产气量,粗蛋白质的降解率,0、6 h发酵液氨氮浓度,0、12 h发酵液乙酸/丙酸上,2个因子存在互作(P<0.05),高精料饲粮中添加壳聚糖对甲烷产量和总产气量、粗蛋白质降解率、发酵液氨氮浓度的降低幅度大于低精料饲粮,对总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸的降低幅度小于低精料饲粮。以上结果表明,改变饲粮的精粗比和添加壳聚糖均能够改变瘤胃发酵模式,且二者之间存在互作,壳聚糖在精粗比为70∶30的饲粮中添加效果优于精粗比为30∶70的饲粮。     

不同给药方式下培氟沙星在鲤体内的药代动力学研究

在水温为18℃下,按10 mg/kg（体质量）对体质量为（200±30）g的福瑞鲤Cyprinus carpio单次肌肉注射和混饲口灌培氟沙星,于不同时间点采集鲤血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏组织,经超高液相色谱法测定各组织中培氟沙星的浓度,并采用DAS 3.0药物代谢动力学软件的非房室模型统计矩方法分析药时数据。结果表明：混饲口灌给药和肌注给药后,培氟沙星的药时曲线下面积（ AUC）分别为88.35、139.9 mg·h/L,达峰浓度（ Cmax ）分别为2.092、3.687 mg/L,达峰时间（ Tmax ）分别为4.0、0.5 h,消除半衰期（ t1/2）分别为22.301、74.357 h,表观分布容积（ Vd ）分别为5.464、15.342 L/kg,总体清除率（ CL ）分别为0.170、0.143 L·kg/h。研究表明,肌肉注射给药较混饲口灌达峰时间短,达峰浓度高,半衰期长,生物利用度高。     

Expression of TMEM16A as a calcium-activated chloride channel in Fischer rat thyroid follicular epithelial cells and its electrophysiologic pro-perties

AIM：To investigate the expression of transmembrane protein 16A(TMEM16A) in Fischer rat thyroid follicular epithelial (FRT) cells and its electrophysiologic properties. METHODS：The eukaryotic expression vector of pUB6/V5-TMEM16A was constructed and transfected into FRT cells by liposome-mediated transfection. In order to obtain the high efficiency of gene transfection and expression, the quantity and ratio of lipid/DNA complexes were optimized. The FRT cells stably expressing TMEM16A were gained by the selection with blasticidin and confirmed by the techniques of RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The expression and location of TMEM16A in the FRT cells were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. TMEM16A protein was associated with calcium-dependent chloride current, as measured with halide-sensitive fluorescent protein and patch-clamp technique. RESULTS：The results of double digestion and sequencing indicated that TMEM16A was cloned into pUB6/V5. The results of RT-PCR and immunofluorescence confirmed that TMEM16A was expressed in the FRT cells after transfection with TMEM16A. The classical calcium-activated chloride channel currents were recorded in the FRT cells stably expressing TMEM16A by the technique of patch-clamp and halide-sensitive fluorescent protein YFP-H148Q/I152L. CONCLUSION：The protein expression of TMEM16A in the FRT cells was observed. TMEM16A is the molecular identity of calcium-activated chloride channels.     

基于竞争优势的中国水产品出口贸易转型研究

中国是水产品生产和贸易大国,但还不是水产品生产和贸易强国。在水产品出口贸易中,由于生产成本不断上升、水产品深加工程度不高以及出口市场过于集中、国际贸易保护主义有所抬头等因素,我国水产品出口面临着愈来愈大的竞争压力。在国际竞争格局发生重大变化的背景下,保持我国水产品出口竞争力,必须通过技术进步、规模经营、质量管理和市场多元化战略,形成新的竞争优势。     

基于WF的杉木人工林交互式疏伐可视化模拟技术

以湖南攸县黄丰桥国有林场为试验区,以杉木人工林为试验对象,测定林木胸径、树高、冠幅等测树因子及林木位置信息。利用WF技术,在定义林分生长模型、林分结构分析与林分疏伐模型等5种活动的基础上,利用人机交互方式,以图形形式建立了林分生长、林分结构与林分疏伐间交互的可视化工作流模型,实现了林分交互式疏伐可视化模拟。采用GDI+绘图技术与MOGRE渲染引擎技术,实现了林分结构、林分2维状态与林分3维场景的可视化模拟。结果表明:林分生长、林分结构与林分疏伐间的交互关系得到了直观的可视化模拟,此方法面向经营者具有可操作性强的特点。林分疏伐前后的林分结构、2维状态与3维场景得到了形象与逼真的模拟。应用交互式疏伐可视化模拟技术,可实现林分疏伐过程、效果以及林分未来状态的可视化模拟,实现对林分疏伐的实时监管,提高林分疏伐数字化管理水平。     

基于SPSS正交设计的关苍术苗床地改良配比研究

通过配施硅藻土、木醋液、鹿粪及腐殖土4种基质改良关苍术苗床地。采用SPSS正交实验设计,研究土壤改良基质对关苍术出苗率及种球产量的影响。结果:4种土壤改良基质对关苍术出苗率及种球产量均具有显著影响,效果依次为木醋液硅藻土鹿粪腐殖土,其最优改良配比是硅藻土5 kg·m-2,木醋液10 m L·m-2,鹿粪2 kg·m-2,腐殖土10 kg·m-2。     

手机3G在为农气象服务中的应用研究

为了提高泰州市为农气象防灾减灾能力,全方位满足现代农业对气象服务产品的不同需求,结合当地气候特点和当前通信技术,研发了拥有自主知识产权的手机3G天气客户端软件。该系统利用其携带方便、网络覆盖范围广等优势,使农业用户可以随时浏览、获取最快捷、最权威的气象信息和为农服务产品,具有重大的社会效益。     

基于TM影像纹理与光谱特征的红树林生物量估算

为研究红树林生物量的遥感估算方法,提取了广西和海南红树林TM遥感影像的光谱及纹理特征,结合地面调查所得126个样地生物量数据,进行多元逐步回归分析。结果表明,建立的生物量估算模型通过相关检验,可以高效、快速地进行红树林生物量的估测。