茯苓多糖硫酸酯的制备与鉴定及其增强小鼠NK细胞活性

以氯磺酸为磺化试剂、吡啶为溶剂半合成制备茯苓多糖硫酸酯 (Pachyman sulfate, PS),对比分析磺化前后产物的特征光谱变化;以自然杀伤细胞-NK细胞体外杀伤小鼠淋巴瘤细胞Yac-1的杀伤率衡量NK细胞活性,考察PS增强NK细胞自然杀伤活性.结果表明,PS重均分子量为1.02×104 Da;紫外光谱分析表明PS在260 nm处可见明显吸收峰;红外光谱分析表明,PS新出现的在1 250 cm-1和810 cm-1处的吸收峰为硫酸酯化的特征峰;13C-NMR谱表明PS单糖残基上3个自由羟基均发生取代反应;PS显著提高NK细胞杀伤Yac-1细胞的活性(P<0.001),且试验范围内杀伤率随PS剂量的增加而提高.     

城中村改造模式比较研究

近些年随着城市的扩张,许多农村被包围在城市中,形成了所谓的”城中村”,城中村的存在严重制约着城市土地集约利用和城市的可持续发展。本文对现有的城中村改造模式展开了广泛的探讨,结合实际情况对现行模式进行对比分析,提出合理化建议,以便更好地推动城中村改造的顺利进行。     

生防菌R-4的鉴定及其对玉米南方锈病的防效

对分离自玉米植株的内生细菌R-4进行鉴定,测试其对玉米南方锈病(SCR)的防病增产效果。用盆栽方法测定菌株R-4对玉米植株的促生效果,根据16S r DNA序列对菌株R-4进行鉴定,采用自然发病方式测试其对SCR的防病增产效果。结果表明,菌株R-4处理玉米的发芽率、播种后18 d株高、播种后28 d株高、植株地上部干重及根干重比对照分别增加17.19%、32.03%、41.80%、92.53%和37.03%。通过16S r DNA序列分析,将菌株R-4鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。菌株R-4在先玉335、银糯1号、浚单20上对SCR的防效达39.2%~92.1%(平均为65.7%),经该菌处理后玉米增产2.58%~9.02%(平均为6.66%)。     

大豆对大豆胞囊线虫侵染的应答机制研究

大豆胞囊线虫病(Heterodera glycines,soybean cyst nematode,SCN)是大豆生产上的重要病害,其特点为危害重、分布广、难防治,每年对大豆生产造成极大的损失。种植大豆抗性新品种是防治SCN目前最为有效的措施,研究大豆对SCN侵染的应答机制,是培育大豆持久抗病品种的前提,对加快抗线虫品种选育及SCN的防控具有重要的意义。本文综述了大豆对SCN侵染的组织细胞学应答机制;介绍了大豆在SCN侵染后酶系变化及酚类代谢的生理生化应答机制;从分子水平阐明了SCN侵染后大豆的基因转录变化,差异蛋白及DNA甲基化的应答机制,以期为大豆胞囊线虫病害的进一步研究与防治提供参考。     

利用CRISPR/CAS9技术编辑水稻香味基因Badh2

【目的】香稻作为一类特殊的水稻群体,以其清香可口的品质特性备受消费者的欢迎。到目前为止,水稻中的香味主要受第8染色体上编码甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因Badh2控制。【方法】通过CRISPR/CAS9技术对中花11的香味基因Badh2进行编辑。【结果】获得转基因T_0代植株并对其所衍生的T_1代20个单株进行了鉴定分析,获得了一个剔除了载体骨架且第1外显子上插入一个碱基T的突变体材料。该材料中Badh2 RNA水平显著下调;利用GC-MS技术测定野生型及突变体材料籽粒2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量,结果表明突变体材料中的香味物质显著增加;此外,我们还对野生型及T_2代香型植株水稻产量及稻米蒸煮食味品质进行了考查及测定分析,发现除分蘖数及结实率呈现出显著差异外(P0.05),其余各项指标在两组材料间都无显著差异。【结论】通过CRISPR/CAS9技术成功地对水稻香味基因进行了编辑,可为香稻育种提供丰富的理论指导,加快香稻的育种进程。     

离树间距对枣麦间作小麦光合特性及产量的影响

为了解离树间距对枣麦间作小麦光合特性及产量的影响,分析了单作(D0)小麦及距离枣树90cm、110cm、130cm(D1、D2、D3)的间作小麦光合、LAI、分蘖及产量特点。结果表明,在灌浆期D0和D2、D3处理下小麦净光合速率比D1处理分别高13.04%、8.99%、11.73%,D0、D2和D3处理的小麦气孔导度比D1分别高21.43%、9.52%、16.67%,而各处理间蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度无明显差异。从拔节期至成熟期,不同处理间的小麦单株茎数、单株分蘖数、LAI和单株干物质积累量存在显著差异,表现为D0D3D2D1。D0和D3处理下小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均显著高于D2和D1;小麦产量表现为D0D3D2D1,D0处理比D1、D2、D3处理分别高25.78%、16.49%和6.70%。枣麦间作下,距离枣树越远,小麦植株光合性状表现越好,产量也较高,因此优化枣麦株行距配置有利于小麦产量的增加。     

不同药剂防治射干锈病试验初探

为筛选防治射干锈病的适宜药剂,2016年7-8月在贵州省长顺县进行了申嗪霉素、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑3种药剂防治射干锈病药效筛选试验。结果表明,3种药剂处理对射干锈病均有良好防效,二次药后10d的防治效果均在60%以上,三次药后15d的防治效果均在80%以上,防治射干锈病,在优先使用生物农药申嗪霉素的基础上,做到与其他药剂轮换使用效果较好。     

芦苇种子萌发对不同环境因子的响应

以扎龙湿地芦苇种子为试验材料,采用培养皿室内培养的方法,研究不同培养基质、不同萌发温度、不同基质埋藏深度和不同基质水分饱和度条件下芦苇种子的萌发过程,比较不同处理条件对芦苇种子萌发的影响.结果表明,不同培养基质条件下芦苇种子萌发过程呈现“S”型曲线,种子发芽率均较高,土壤培最高(达94％),滤纸最低(为82.6％),发芽势土壤最高(为93.34％),滤纸最低(为71.34％);芦苇种子低于20℃恒温培养很难发芽,20～30℃随温度的增高芦苇发芽率和发芽势均呈增加趋势;蛭石培1～6 mm埋深芦苇种子均能出苗,发芽率2 mm埋深最高(为96％),土壤培仅在1～2 mm埋深时出苗,发芽率和发芽势1 mm埋深最高;蛭石培、土壤培在80％水分饱和度发芽率最高(分别为93.34％、90％).不同培养条件对芦苇种子萌发影响较大,蛭石在30℃、80％水分饱和度、2 mm埋深为芦苇种子萌发的最适条件.     

CUDC-907 induces DNA damage and autophagy in glioma cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of CUDC-907, a dual histone deacetylase (HDAC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, on the DNA damage, cell cycle distribution and autophagy in human glioma U251 cells. METHODS:U251 cells were treated with CUDC-907 of different concentrations, and the cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The quantitative γ-H2AX foci were determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The cell cycle distribution of U251 cells was examined by flow cytometry. The protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS:CUDC-907 inhibited the cell viability and the phosphorylation of Akt and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70s6K) in the U251 cells (P<0.05). In CUDC-907-treated cells, the number of γ-H2AX foci and protein expression of γ-H2AX were increased significantly (P<0.05). CUDC-907 also induced cell arrest in the G₂/M phase by up-regulating the expression of p21, and inhibiting the protein level of cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation of cell division cycle protein 2 (Cdc2). In addition, CUDC-907 triggered cell autophagy, and inhibition of autophagy increased CUDC-907-induced DNA damage of U251 cells. CONCLUSION:CUDC-907 significantly inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, induces DNA damage and arrests cell cycle in G₂/M phase. Blockage of autophagy promotes CUDC-907-induced DNA damage of U251 cells.     

Captopril exerts myocardial protective effect in coronary microembolization rats by inhibiting oxidative stress injury and alleviating inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the effects of captopril (CAP) on oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response induced by coronary microembolization (CME) and its related molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The rat model of CME was established by clamping the rat artery and injecting blood microemboli. The rats were divided into control group, CME group and CME+CAP group, with 6 rats in each group. The myocardial tissues of each group were collected. The changes of myocardial structure and the degree of inflammatory response were analyzed by HE staining. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The fluorescence intensity of cleaved caspase-3 was detected by immunofluorescence obervation. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were determined by Western blot. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was measured by ELISA. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DHE fluorescence staining. RESULTS: CAP significantly reduced the myocardial structural changes (P<0.05), inflammatory cell infiltration (P<0.01), number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (P<0.01), and ROS production levels (P<0.01), but promoted the activity of antioxidant markers SOD and catalase (P<0.01) in the CME rats.CONCLUSION: CAP attenuates CME-induced myocardial injury by resisting oxidative stress and alleviating inflammatory response.