Ovipositor length of threeApocrypta species: Effect on oviposition behavior and correlation with syconial thickness

We investigated oviposition behavior in three non-pollinating fig wasps: the sympatric speciesApocrypta bakeri Joseph onFicus hispida L.,A. westwoodi Grandi onF. racemosa L., andApocrypta sp. onF. semicordata Buch.-Ham. The oviposition behavior differs significantly between one pair of species (A. bakeri andA. westwoodi) and the other species (Apocrypta sp. onF. semicordata).A. bakeri andA. westwoodi were similar in the following aspects: the posture of the abdomen and the action of the hind legs before penetration, and the bending ovipositor sheath during penetration. In contrast, the oviposition behavior ofApocrypta sp. is quite different. This difference can be explained by the significant correlation between ovipositor length and syconial thickness.Apocrypta sp. has a shorter ovipositor than the two other species, which correlates with the thinner syconial wall of its host figF. semicordata. It is deduced that the ovipositor length adapts to the syconial thickness and induces the oviposition behavior in the different species to diverge. For all threeApocrypta species, the midleg length and hindleg length are significantly correlated with their ovipositor lengths. This may be explained as due to the fact that body movement adjusting the hindlegs and midlegs up and down, or forward and backward, is also influenced by the ovipositor length.     

平阴玫瑰花粉亚显微形态及品种分类研究

 对平阴玫瑰24个品种的花粉亚显微形态进行了扫描电镜观察研究, 并进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明, 在花粉亚显微形态特征方面, 各品种之间既有共性, 也存在明显差别, 特别是外壁纹饰的不同可作为玫瑰品种鉴别的重要依据。聚类分析将平阴玫瑰花粉分为两大类, 即玫瑰系和蔷薇系, 与传统形态分类结论基本一致, 但也存在一定的差异。     

转基因八棱海棠与苹果品种亲和性的微嫁接早期鉴定

用微嫁接法鉴定嫁接亲和性的结果表明,不同培养基和培养方法对嫁接成活率和生根率有较大影响,生根 愈伤同步的方法可以同时获得较高的嫁接成活率和生根率。转番茄铁载体蛋白基因八棱海棠(Malus micromalus)与 苹果(Malus pumila)品种富士,嘎拉以及新红星嫁接成活率分别为93.33％,92.86％,73.34％。嫁接后15 d左右,接穗 新叶开始生长;嫁接后2个月,嫁接苗移栽成活率分别为73.07％,73.91％和55％;移栽后3个月,3种嫁接苗的茎杆 粗度均匀,无大小脚现象。初步结果显示,转基因八棱海棠与富士、嘎拉均具良好的嫁接亲和性,而与新红星的嫁接 亲和性稍差。     

组织培养条件下苹果Ty1-copia类逆转座子的转录活性

研究了苹果基因组中Tyl—copia类逆转座子的转录活性、多样性及其甲基化水平。在培养基MS＋2，4-D2mg／L＋BA0．2mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L上诱导了1个月的愈伤组织中用RT—PCR方法检测到了270bp的目的条带，而对照、继代组培苗和不含2，4-D的愈伤中均没有目的条带的扩增，说明一定浓度的2，4-D可以诱导苹果中Tyl—copia类逆转座子的表达活性。将目的条带回收、克隆和测序后进行分析：所克隆的21条序列虽都为Tyl-copia类逆转座子逆转录酶保守序列，但存在很大的异质性，21个克隆的核甘酸序列变化范围为196—290bp；翻译成氨基酸后存在缺失、插入、移框和终止密码子突变，7个克隆在氨基酸保守序列‘SLYGLKQ’处有1—2氨基酸位点的突变，说明这些序列对应的逆转录酶多数可能已失去了其原有功能。将21条序列进行聚类分析，除ART20外，其它克隆可聚为3类，并分别与GenBank上某些物种的相应序列同源性很高，表明在不同物种间可能存在逆转座子的横向传递作用。甲基化试验表明苹果基因组内Tyl-copia类逆转座子甲基化水平高。这些都表明Tyl-copia类逆转座子对苹果基因型的多样性及基因组的进化具有重要意义。     

不同生长年限王草的营养价值研究

本文对生长第1、2、3年的王草在100cm高度时刈割的营养成分及其体外干物质、有机物降解率进行分析研究。结果表明:不同生长年限王草第1年的粗蛋白质显著高于第2、3年(P<0.05),而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)显著低于第3年(P<0.05)。干物质、有机物的降解率第1年最高,第3年的最低,但差异不大。     

Role of p38MAPK in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Kupffer cells from severe acute pancreatitis rats

AIM:To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in the Kupffer cells (KCs) production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β), in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats.METHODS:Sprague-Dwaley rats were randomized into three groups:①sham operation rats, ②SAP rats, ③SAP rats given the p38 MAPK inhibitor CNI-1493(10 mg/kg, iv). The SAP model was induced by the bili-pancreatic duct infusion with 5% sterile soduim taurocholate solution. Rats from each group were killed at 12 h after sham operation or SAP and Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β (by quantitative real-time RT-PCR) and p38 MAPK activity (by Western blot analysis) in KCs were examined. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in plasma were determined by ELISA.RESULTS:There was a significant acvitation of p38 MAPK in KCs harvested from SAP rats than those from sham operation rats. SAP also promoted the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in KCs and the plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. These events were significantly inhibited by treatment with CNI-1493.CONCLUSIONS:p38 MAPK activation is one important aspect of the signaling events that may mediate the KCs production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, in SAP rats. The inhibition of the p38 MAPK may be a potential target in the prevention and treatment of SAP.     

不同地下水位植物蒸腾耗水特性研究

在甘肃省民勤治沙站利用非称量测渗仪研究了梭梭、柠条等 10种沙区植物的蒸腾耗水特征。结果表明 ,各种植物 5a的总蒸腾量由大到小排列为 :沙枣、花棒、沙木蓼、柠条、梭梭、白皮沙拐枣 ;随植物年龄增长 ,蒸腾系数有上升的趋势 ,而蒸散系数有下降的趋势 ;在民勤沙区 6～ 9月是主要蒸腾季节 ,该时段的蒸腾量占全年蒸腾量的80 %～ 90 % ;植物的蒸腾量随年龄的增长而迅速增加 ,但增长幅度随物种不同而异。一般生长快的植物增长快 ,生长慢的植物增长慢。     

Study on relationship between expression of PKCα in glomeruli and development of nephropathy in diabetic rats

AIM:To observe the dynamic changes of expression of PKCα, TGF-β₁ and α-SMA in glomeruli of diabetic rats induced by the alloxon and to invesitigate their roles in the diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (group A), diabetic group of one week (group B), diabetic group of one month (group C), diabetic group of two months (group D). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of PKCα, TGF-β₁ and α-SMA in renal tissue of all groups. Blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine and urine protein were analysed by chemical methods. The morphological changes of renal tissue were checked through microscopy.RESULTS:The expression of PKCα and TGF-β₁ in renal tissue of diabetic groups were increased comparing with those of nomal control group(P<0.05). The mesangial cells expressed α-SMA in two months group. Chronologically the expression of PKCα, TGF-β₁ and α-SMA were positively correlative with each other and the impairment of kidney was also observed.CONCLUSIONS: During the DN process the expression of PKCα increased. PKCα raised GFR and the permeability of glomerular filtration membrane which enhanced urinary albumin excretion. PKCα also increased expression of TGF-β and therefore to induce the expression of α-SMA. The appearance of α-SMA was a marker of the phenotypic transform of renal cells.     

20%多效唑·甲哌 FEE7 微乳剂防止小麦倒伏和增产机理研究

冬小麦二棱期喷施植物生长调节剂20%多效唑·甲哌鎓微乳剂375 mL/hm2,可以显著抑制茎秆基部节间伸长,增加各节间充实度,其中赤霉素(Gas)和生长素(IAA)降低,可显著增强小麦抗倒伏能力和降低田间倒伏率.处理还协调了穗数、穗粒数和粒重的关系,增产幅度6.2%～28.6%.增产原因可能在于促进籽粒灌浆强,增加籽粒中内源Gas、IAA、细胞分裂素(CTKs)的水平,增强了籽粒库活性,同时促进茎叶中干物质向籽粒运转.     

孔雀河流域绿洲生态支持系统调控模式研究

生态环境用水量的减少是孔雀河流域近 50年来现代绿洲环境退化的主要原因 ,维持生态与社会经济的合理用水比例是绿洲系统持续发展的前提。以此为基础 ,本文采用水资源承载力的方法探讨了绿洲生态支持子系统和社会经济子系统优化调控模式 ,最后就配置方案及发展模式的可行性进行了分析