动物、动物产品药物残留及应对措施

动物性食品中的药物残留量虽然很低,但对人体健康的潜在危害却甚为严重,对畜牧业生产影响巨大,而且影响深远,是国内外普遍关注的     

基于离散元法的旋耕刀三向工作阻力仿真分析与试验

为分析旋耕刀所受三向工作阻力及其变化规律,该文通过实测南方果园土壤颗粒参数,逆向重构旋耕刀三维实体,基于离散元颗粒接触理论,构建了适应南方土质环境的旋耕刀-土壤相互作用仿真模型。土槽扭矩对比试验表明,仿真值与试验值的变化趋势相同,扭矩均随转速增加而变大,最大相对误差10%;扭矩先从0增加到某个最大值,接着逐步减小到一个低值,随后又快速增加到一个高值,最后回落,该变化过程同旋耕刀与土壤之间的接触状态相关。单刀受力仿真分析表明,水平阻力方向与前进方向相同,侧向阻力方向为由刀具弯折区内侧面指向刀体,垂直阻力方向为先垂直土面向上后转为向下;水平阻力和侧向阻力在最大耕深处出现最大值,而垂直阻力在入土后转动约30°时出现最大值;水平阻力和垂直阻力的仿真波形与理论计算、土槽试验结果比照表明,对应曲线的变化趋势基本一致,且仿真结果与土槽试验结果更为接近,水平阻力相对误差为11.3%,垂直阻力相对误差为16.8%;水平阻力最大值大于侧向和垂直方向阻力最大值,水平阻力是功率消耗的主要因素;随着转速的增加,3个方向阻力最大值均增大,当转速高于250 r/min时,增速加快;侧向阻力和垂直阻力随前进速度增加而平稳增大,水平阻力却出现下滑趋势;耕深对三向阻力的影响比较显著,增加耕深会急剧增大三向阻力值。相关试验数据可为旋耕机能耗分析、机体作业振动及刀片磨损等研究提供参考。     

葡萄与葡萄酒中的单宁及其与葡萄酒的关系

单宁是葡萄和葡萄酒中重要的组成成分.本文就葡萄与葡萄酒中单宁的分类、组成、及其对葡萄酒品质的影响及单宁与人体健康等几方面进行了综述.并对今后研究重点提出展望.     

塔落岩黄芪、细枝岩黄芪及其变异型的生理特性研究

本文研究了毛乌素沙漠地区塔落岩黄芪和细枝岩黄芪及其变异型的生理学特性。结果表明,塔落岩黄芪和细枝岩黄芪各与其变异型之间在生理特性方面存在着极其显著的差异。     

丝素膜的结构测定和分析

对脱胶丝素纤维、初生丝素蛋白膜、固定化ＧＯＤ－丝素膜结构进行了红外光谱分析。三者红外光谱图差异明显，丝素纤维为典型的丝Ⅱ（双向平行的β片层）结构，初生丝素膜的红外光谱显示无规卷曲或丝Ⅰ构型的特征，经戊二醛活化处理后制备的酶膜，在７００ｃｍ－１处有一显著吸收峰，表明其构型向β型转变，丝素膜的水溶率变化也证实了红外光谱显示的结果。     

畜禽养殖场环境微生物致病性和耐药性调查研究

为了解掌握养殖场中环境微生物对养殖业和公共卫生造成的影响,初步对我国养殖场环境微生物进行了研究。对吉林、湖北等省份的部分养猪场和养鸡场环境采样,并进行大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离鉴定,同时对从鸡舍和猪舍内分离大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌进行动物致病性实验及对13种抗生素的耐药性实验。实验结果表明,所有实验的沙门氏菌和90.7%的大肠杆菌菌株对小白鼠有致病性;所有分离菌株对磺胺类药物的耐药性非常严重,其次是对四环素,对其他药物也有不同程度的耐药性。     

鼻炎症状兔的细菌感染情况调查与分析

文章对山东省某兔场的25只临床鼻炎症状家兔进行了细菌带菌情况调查,并对分离出的细菌进行了16S rRNA基因测序和耐药情况检测。结果表明:从临床病例中分离出151株细菌,经过16S rRNA测序鉴定,分别为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、奇异变形杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、波氏杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌以及绿脓杆菌等;药敏试验结果显示,所有检出菌对红霉素、磺胺异噁唑的耐药率最高,其次为阿奇霉素和庆大霉素,阿米卡星的耐药率最低。     

不同来源微粒子孢子间血清学关系的比较研究

应用玻片凝集法和酶标抗体法比较了几种不同来源微粒子孢子间的血清学关系，包括本所保存的家蚕微粒子孢子（ＢｍＮ．ｂ），从安徽绩溪和江苏东台的饲养蚕中收集到的微粒子孢子和从四川收集到的蓝叶虫（ｐｈｙｌｌｏｂｒｏｔｉａｃａｒｍａｔａＢａｌｙ）微粒子孢子。结果表明，绩溪、东台微粒子孢子与ＢｍＮ．ｂ之间具有相同的血清学关系，而蓝叶虫微粒子孢子与ＢｍＮ．ｂ之间无血清学关系。     

Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes

It has been found that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-FGFR) signaling can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation genes. FGF9 is one of the members of FGFs that mainly binds receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. FGF9 is highly expressed in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, but there are few reports on the role of FGF9 in goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effect of FGF9 on adipocyte differentiation through cell culture, interference, and overexpression. The expression of receptors FGFR1–FGFR4 in adipocyte differentiation and their effects on differentiation were detected to screen receptor gene of FGF9. Finally, the interaction between FGF9 and the receptor was tested by cotransfection. Our results showed that FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to inhibit goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1), which is a data support for subsequent pathway research.     

Isolation and identification of a South China strain of Plasmodium inui from Macaca fascicularis

Southeast Asian macaques are hosts of a number of Plasmodium infections, some of which are transmittable to humans. During examination of blood films of five wild-caught long-tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis from South China, malaria infection was detected in one of the monkeys. In order to isolate this parasite for identification and characterization, we experimentally passed this parasite through both Assamese (M. assamensis) and rhesus (M. mulatta) monkeys by intravenous injection of infected blood. This parasite morphologically resembled Plasmodium inui, and had a typical 72 h quartan periodicity. This parasite was infective to Anopheles dirus mosquitoes, and salivary gland sporozoites appeared 13 days post feeding. Feeding by 20 infected An. dirus mosquitoes on another Assamese monkey produced infection with a prepatent period of 8 days. Molecular analysis of the small subunit rRNA genes and the mitochondrial genome confirmed this parasite as an isolate of P. inui. In spleen-intact macaques, the infection had a protracted duration with parasites being detected during the rearing of the infected monkeys for over two years. In summary, this study identified a P. inui isolate and successfully passed this parasite through Assamese monkeys by both intravenous inoculation and mosquito transmission.