鳄鱼养殖场选址的主要因素分析

近年来,国内兴起建鳄鱼养殖场的热潮,而指导新养殖户们如何进行鳄鱼养殖场选址的相关研究尚未见报道。为此,笔者于2007年6月至2008年7月深入鳄鱼养殖场进行调查,探讨鳄鱼场选址时的主要考虑因素：温度、饲料、市场与交通、水质和安全等,并认为在实际操作过程中,其他的一些因素,如土地权属和水电供应等也不可忽略。     

Immune responses of orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,against virus-like particles of betanodavirus produced in Escherichia coli

Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a serious disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the good novel vaccine candidates to control this disease. Until now, betanodavirus vaccine studies mainly focused on the humoral immune response and mortality after virus challenge. However, little is known about the activation of genes responsible for cellular and innate immunity by vaccines. In the present study, VLPs of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV) were produced in prokaryotes and their ability to enter Asian sea bass cells was the same as native virus, suggesting that they possess a similar structure to OGNNV. VLPs immunogenicity was then determined by intramuscularly vaccinating Epinephelus coioides at different concentrations (1.5 or 15 μg g^?1 fish body weight, FBW) and immunizing frequencies (administration once, twice and thrice). A single vaccination with the dosage of 1.5 μg g^?1 FBW is enough to provoke high titer antibodies (average 3 fold higher than that of negative control) with strong neutralizing antibody titer as early as 1 week post immunization. Furthermore, quantitative PCR analysis revealed that eleven genes associated with humoral, cellular and innate immunities were up-regulated in the liver, spleen and head kidney at 12 h post immunization, correlating with the early antibody response. In conclusion, we demonstrated that VLP vaccination induced humoral immune responses and activated genes associated with cellular and innate immunity against betanodavirus infection in orange-spotted grouper.     

Isolation and identification of a South China strain of Plasmodium inui from Macaca fascicularis

Southeast Asian macaques are hosts of a number of Plasmodium infections, some of which are transmittable to humans. During examination of blood films of five wild-caught long-tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis from South China, malaria infection was detected in one of the monkeys. In order to isolate this parasite for identification and characterization, we experimentally passed this parasite through both Assamese (M. assamensis) and rhesus (M. mulatta) monkeys by intravenous injection of infected blood. This parasite morphologically resembled Plasmodium inui, and had a typical 72 h quartan periodicity. This parasite was infective to Anopheles dirus mosquitoes, and salivary gland sporozoites appeared 13 days post feeding. Feeding by 20 infected An. dirus mosquitoes on another Assamese monkey produced infection with a prepatent period of 8 days. Molecular analysis of the small subunit rRNA genes and the mitochondrial genome confirmed this parasite as an isolate of P. inui. In spleen-intact macaques, the infection had a protracted duration with parasites being detected during the rearing of the infected monkeys for over two years. In summary, this study identified a P. inui isolate and successfully passed this parasite through Assamese monkeys by both intravenous inoculation and mosquito transmission.     

基于超平面构建的高光谱异常目标检测方法

高光谱遥感影像具有光谱分辨率高、图谱合一的特点,影像中的地物组成也多种多样,针对图像数据中目标出现概率较小、检测概率较低等问题,本文提出了基于超平面构建的高光谱数据目标异常检测方法。它通过对高光谱数据的结构分析,构建出高维空间中的背景超平面算子,以待测像元在其正交子空间的投影值来表征异常程度的大小。通过OMIS和AVIRIS实测数据验证,并与RX算法相比较,基于超平面构建的高光谱异常检测算法能够在多种背景环境下检测出纯度高、光谱差异大的异常像元,并具有较高的检测率和较低的虚警率,因此具备了有效性和较好的实用性。     

山东省外观健康羊群中检出羊边界病病毒

2014年从山东省外观健康的牛羊采集鼻拭子样品共707份,提取其RNA,用流感病毒特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测。对RT-PCR扩增的阳性产物进行序列测定,意外发现其中1份羊拭子样品含有羊边界病病毒,并且该结果得到其他试验验证。结合我国2012年首次在安徽和江苏两地检出该病毒,以及当前我国羊群流通情况,推测该病毒可能在我国有所存在。该调研结果对分析各类RT-PCR检测的假阳性产生原因,有参考意义。并提示RT-PCR检测结果难以作为疫病或感染病诊断的确切依据。其诊断结果有时需要用荧光探针或测序进行进一步鉴定。     

放牧强度、放牧草丛高度对多年生黑麦草、白三叶混播草地产量及草地组成的影响

在南方业热带海拔1200米左右的中山区,在以多年生黑麦草与白三叶混播的草地上进行了研究,试验分模拟放牧和直接放牧两种处理。放牧试验为放牧强度的单因子试验,选择了三个水平的放牧强度,即放牧后草地牧草留槎高度为3cm、5cm 及7cm。模拟放牧试验为放牧强度与放牧草丛高度的两因子试验,各选三个水平,即强度为牧草留槎高为3cm、5cm、7cm,放牧草丛高度为15cm、20cm、25cm。通过三年(1987—1989)的试验表明,不同放牧强度、放牧草丛高度对草地组成、牧草产量的影响明显,在当地生态条件下,适宜的放牧强度是放牧后草地留槎在5cm 左右,放牧草丛高度在20cm 左右,这时的牧草采食率在55%右左。     

蜂蜜中果糖含量近红外光谱试验研究

以68份蜂蜜样品为材料,利用傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术（NIR）结合偏最小二乘法（PLS）,建立了蜂蜜中果糖含量的近红外光谱数学模型,并对模型预测结果进行评价。结果表明,选择11065．36cm^-1～7857．90cm^-1波数范围内的光谱,进行SG预处理方法,用8个主成分建立的蜂蜜果糖含量模型效果最好,模型相关系数、校正均方差和预测均方差分别为0．9259、1．21和1．64。该方法具有快速、准确、成本低等特点。     

肉牛日粮添加硫酸铜对粗料纤维和玉米有机物瘤胃降解的影响

选3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔杂交肉牛,采用3×3拉丁方设计,以瘤胃尼龙袋法测定日粮补饲铜(源于硫酸铜,分别补饲Cu0、8和18 mg/kgDM)对稻草纤维性物质和玉米有机物(OM)瘤胃降解率的影响.结果表明,对照组(O补饲)、8mg处理组、18 mg处理组的稻草中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率分别为26.84%、27.84%、29.23%,18 mg处理组明显高于对照组;对照组、8mg处理组、18mg处理组的玉米OM降解率分别为45.65%、45.48%、40.27%,18mg处理组明显低于其它处理组,牛肉日粮补饲硫酸铜明显影响瘤胃稻草NDF和玉米OM降解率,日粮补饲18mg可明显提高稻草NDF降解率并降低玉米OM的降解率.     

雄蚕品种引进试验初报

雄蚕品种的引进与产业化推广是今后蚕业发展的方向。通过引进雄蚕品种夏华×平 8、华秋×平30在实验室对比和农村示范试验 ,试验结果表明 :雄蚕品种综合性状总体较优 ,但某些性状如产量、蚕茧解舒率等有待于进一步改良和完善     

鸡大肠杆菌性脑病

作者发现大肠杆菌侵入鸡脑部引起昏睡、神经症状和下痢的脑病,且该菌在脑的分离成功率最高,命名为鸡大肠杆菌性脑病。发现血清型 O_(22)、O_(53)、O_(86):B_7等大肠杆菌能突破鸡的血脑屏障进入脑部引起如上脑病。本病既可在鸡的某些呼吸道病如滑膜霉形体病、败血霉形体病、传染性鼻炎、传染性喉气管炎的基础上继发或混合感染,又可独立发生。