种植方式对水稻产量及根系性状的影响

2011—2012年在湖南长沙以超级杂交稻Y两优1号、杂交稻汕优63和常规稻黄华占为材料的大田定位试验,比较了垄作梯式栽培技术(两种垄规格)和垄厢栽培技术(3种厢规格)对水稻产量和根系性状的影响。与平作栽培(T0)相比,窄垄作梯式栽培(T1)和垄厢栽培(T3)均可提高水稻产量,其中以T1的产量最高,比T0平均增产22.2%(17.1%～27.2%),其次T3平均增产10.4%(5.8%～15.0%),但随着垄宽或厢宽的增加,产量增幅逐渐下降。较高的穗数和每穗粒数、良好的根系特性(根系氧化力、根表面吸收面积、根系孔隙度)以及齐穗后干物质积累量大是上述两种栽培技术增产的重要原因。同时,根解剖结构表明垄作梯式栽培的根皮层减小、中柱和导管面积增大,增强了水分吸收能力。     

医学图像精细化分割方法研究

指出了深度学习方法在医学图像分割中取得较大的进展,但医学图像处理的复杂性使得全自动分割方法难以取得较好的分割效果。在卷积网络分割的基础上,结合应用场景使用适当的后处理手段来提升图像的分割效果是一种比较有临床意义的研究方法。主要研究了基于概率图的全连接条件随机场模型和基于用户交互的深度编辑网络,并分析总结了这两种方法的实现原理和各自优势,并对未来的研究工作进行了一些展望。     

国土空间背景下的城市绿色空间体系规划研究

国土空间规划是生态文明建设的重要内容,也是国土空间治理体系现代化的基础,探讨在国土空间背景下的绿色空间体系规划、划定严格的空间保护建设等级和严格分类管理,对于国土资源统筹保护和修复具有重要的意义。文章以北京市二道绿隔平原区为研究区域,首先提出适用于二道绿隔地区的绿色空间定义;其次从基质完形、廊道构建和斑块保护3方面构建完整的绿色空间体系;最后综合提出绿色空间体系的优化对策。     

螺旋环剥对‘糯米糍’荔枝坐果与碳水化合物及激素的影响

研究结果表明,幼‘糯米滋’荔枝主要螺旋环剥能减少碳水化合物向根系转运,从而增加叶片和果实中的碳水化合物含量,增多果实中赤霉素类物质和降低脱落酸类物质含量。坐果率的提高与赤霉素／脱落酸的比值较高关系密切。     

不同植物生长调节剂浸种对油菜壮苗的效果比较

采用浸种处理,比较了5种植物生长调节剂(矮壮素、比久、氯化胆碱、多效唑和烯效唑)不同浓度处理对油菜壮苗的效果。结果表明,50 mg/L多效唑和烯效唑浸种4 h处理对幼苗缩茎和叶柄的伸长生长具有明显的抑制作用,同时明显增加叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量,对油菜形成壮苗具有明显的效果。比久、高浓度矮壮素和氯化胆碱处理也能明显缩短缩茎长度,但对叶柄长、叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量没有明显影响。研究还发现,氯化胆碱有明显促进地上部干物质积累的作用。     

Phenethyl isothiocyanate as an anti-nutritional factor attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury through inhibiting ROSmediated autophagy

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is considered to be the most harmful mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans.Phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC)in feedstuff is an anti-nutritional factor and impairs nutrient digestion and absorption in the animal intestinal.In the current study,we aimed to explore the effects of PEITC on DON-induced apoptosis,intestinal tight junction disorder,and its potential molecular mechanism in the porcine jejunum epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2).Our results indicated that PEITC treatment markedly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity,decreasing the apoptotic cell percentage and pro-apoptotic mRNA/protein levels,and increasing zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin and claudin-1 mRNA/protein expression.Meanwhile,PEITC treatment ameliorated DON-induced an increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)mRNA levels and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and a decrease of glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),catalase(CAT)and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)mRNA levels.Additionally,PEITC treatment significantly down-regulated autophagy-related protein 5(ATG5),beclin-1 and microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3-II)mRNA/protein levels,decreased the number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3(GFP-LC3)puncta and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)protein expression,and up-regulated phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt)and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)protein expression against DON.However,the activation of autophagy by rapamycin,an autophagy agonist,abolished the protective effects of PEITC against DON-induced cytotoxicity,apoptosis and intestinal tight junction disorder.Collectively,PEITC could confer protection against DON-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cell injury by suppressing ROSmediated autophagy.     

油茶的生长特性及其功能价值

详述油茶的含义、生长特性,并综合相关研究成果,详细介绍了油茶及其加工产品的功能和价值。     

中国生态学技术改善稻米品质效果的分析

分析了合理栽培、耕作方式、稻田生态种养和土壤重金属生态调控等不同中国生态学技术对稻米品质的影响。结果表明,合理运用各生态学技术均能不同程度改善稻田生态环境,使水稻处于适宜生长状态,整体上使稻米品质变优。稻米品质的形成机理非常复杂,应用生态学技术改善米质是生产绿色优质安全稻米的有效途径;在水稻生产过程中,选用优质的水稻品种,综合利用好气候、土壤、栽培等因素,并将各生态技术科学耦合,发挥技术群体的优势,才能实现水稻生产的优质、高产、高效和可持续发展。     

Human and climatic drivers of land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River basin,China

Climate and human activities change spatial and temporal distribution of water and land use. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, faced a long-term exploitation of land and water over a rapid economic development. We analyzed land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River Basin by Landsat images, and data on hydrology, climate, population, economy and PM_2.5 (air particulate matter ≤2.5 μm). Agricultural land expanded the fastest (4–11%), followed by natural vegetation (15–16%) and water area (4–5%) with population and economic increase. Air quality (PM_2.5 μg m⁻³) improved in upper (62–27) and middle (48–17) reaches. The water area in lower increase 5% because of ecological water delivery since 2000. Land use in the lower reach was dominated by agriculture, where the downstream runoff consumption increased by 6.8 times. The average annual air temperature and precipitation gradually increased by 0.5 °C and 51 mm in source and 0.9 °C and 30 mm in main reaches. The average annual water consumption in upper and middle reaches was 4 × 10⁹ m³, accounting for 87% of input runoff in the main reach. Water consumption in middle reach increased by 33 times in 2009–2017. The industry structure was changing from primary to secondary and tertiary industry. To sum up, implementation of water saving strategies and ecological water delivery restored local ecology. Sustainable strategies should be applied facing industrialization. Furthermore, changing the industry structure and restoring the degraded farmlands to grasslands or forests would keep sustainability of Tarim River Basin.     

石灰质量调查及添加量对糙皮侧耳熟料栽培的影响

石灰是食药用菌生产的重要辅料,研究旨在对当前食用菌栽培过程中使用的石灰辅料进行质量摸底,同时研究石灰在糙皮侧耳栽培中的最适添加量,达到精准指导糙皮侧耳和其他食用菌生产的目的.采用消化石灰物相分析法,对8份不同来源石灰的Ca(OH)2、CaO、CaCO3和MgO含量进行检测.同时选用7号石灰按不同比例添加至玉米芯培养料,...