Competition of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) for binding to shrimp cellular membrane

Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are two widespread shrimp viruses. The interference of IHHNV on WSSV was the first reported case of viral interference that involved crustacean viruses and has been subsequently confirmed. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of WSSV resistance through IHHNV infection are practically unknown. In this study, the interference mechanisms between IHHNV and WSSV were studied using a competitive ELISA. The binding of WSSV and IHHNV to cellular membrane of Litopenaeus vannamei was examined. The results suggested that there existed a mutual competition between IHHNV and WSSV for binding to receptors present on cellular membrane of L. vannamei and that the inhibitory effects of WSSV towards IHHNV were more distinct than those of IHHNV towards WSSV.     

光合细菌提高凡纳滨对虾幼体抗逆性的研究

人工引入光合细菌于凡纳滨对虾养殖环境中,监测与养殖环境相关的水质因子(氨氮、亚硝酸氮、化学需氧量)的变化;观察不同光合细菌使用浓度下凡纳滨对虾对人工制造的胁迫环境的抗逆性;观测不同光合细菌使用浓度下凡纳滨对虾的成活率与体重增长率。研究光合细菌对水质改善和凡纳滨对虾抗逆性的影响。结果表明,光合细菌能显著(P<0.05)降低水体中的化学需氧量、氨氮含量并抑制亚硝酸盐氮的产生;当光合细菌投放浓度为3×103cfu/mL时,水体中化学需氧量、氨态氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量的均值分别比对照组降低了31.59%、43.42%、52.20%;成活率比对照组提高了18.67%,体重增长率是对照组的1.34倍;当光合细菌使用浓度为3×102cfu/mL~3×104cfu/mL时,对虾抗逆性显著(P<0.05)增强,对虾在氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、高锰酸钾、甲醛胁迫下24 h的成活率均值分别比对照组提高了36.67%、25.00%、26.39%、10.00%。     

渔用聚乙烯单丝节能纺生产研究

通过对渔用聚乙烯单丝的节能低压纺丝技术研究,研发一种高分子材料低压纺丝口模和静态混合器;经在不同长径比螺杆的通用纺丝机上实验和考核结果显示：每吨单丝平均节电180KW／h;电力能耗人工等生产成本平均下降25％;纺丝生产产量和效率平均提高30％;单丝产品微观特征和性能良好、机械物理性能和后续绳线产品质量符合或超过国家、行业标准优等品指标;本项节能纺丝生产技术研究与应用,可降低渔业绳网和单丝行业的能源消耗等加工成本,提高产品质量和生产效率,符合我国节能国策。     

鲤鱼棘头虫病的病理及预防

本文报导了病鱼的组织(肠、肝、胰、肾)病理变化,及血液(血清的钠、钾、氯化物、肌酐、尿素氮、谷草转氨酶总活力及谷草转氨酶同工酶。白细胞血式)病理变化,从而阐明了引起病鱼慢性死亡,而累计死亡率又高达60％的机理。查明了病原(崇明长棘吻虫)的中间寄主是模糊裸腹溞,找到了用生石灰或漂白粉清塘、在发病地区用鱼种池培育的鲤鱼鱼种的有效预防方法。     

引进鹅种的性能及杂交利用效果

选择体质健康、体重相近的1日龄四川白鹅、莱茵、朗德鹅和莱×川杂交鹅各40只,在相同的饲养管理条件下,对多项指标进行70d连续测定。试验结果,育雏率依上述顺序穴下同雪分别为72.5%、72.5%、97.5%和65.0%;70日龄体重分别为2985.00g、3280.00g、3295.00g和3550.00g;0～70日龄增重分别为41.43g、45.62g、45.86g和49.51g鸦腿肌率均达到20%以上(26.65%～22.07%)。     

南美白对虾大棚六茬养殖试验

南美白对虾是重要的养殖虾类,目前国内养殖模式比较多是单茬养殖,主要是因为受到区域性气候的限制,所以养殖茬数较少。为了充分发挥南美白对虾养殖的优势,探索南美白对虾健康高效养殖模式,进一步提高单位产量,提高养殖设施的利用率和经济效益,我们在两茬养殖的基础上,采用三级池暂养的方法,进行了南美白对虾六茬养殖试验。     

Dietary folic acid requirement determined for grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary folic acid requirement of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Purified basal diets were formulated using vitamin-free casein as the protein source. Graded levels (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 mg folic acid/kg diet) of folic acid were added to the basal diet, resulting in eight dietary treatments in the experiment. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of shrimp initially averaging 0.79±0.01 g for 8 weeks. Shrimp fed diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg diet had greater (P<0.05) weight gain and hepatopancreatic folic acid concentrations than shrimp fed the unsupplemented control diet. Feed efficiency (FE) was highest in shrimp fed the diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg diet, followed by the groups fed 1 mg/kg, then the control group. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was highest in shrimp fed the control diet, followed by 1 mg folic acid/kg and lowest in shrimp fed diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg. Weight gain percentage, hepatopancreatic folic acid concentration and hepatosomatic index of the shrimp analyzed by broken-line regression indicated that the adequate dietary folic acid concentration in growing P. monodon is 1.9–2.1 mg/kg diet.     

水库网箱养殖倒刺鲃技术

倒刺鲃,俗称军鱼,隶属于鲤科,鲃亚科,四须鲃属。作为一个新的养殖对象,倒刺鲃明显具有生长快,食性杂,经济价值高等优点,开发潜力大,其人工养殖在浙江、福建一带已悄然兴起,且发展势头迅猛。2002年,我们在水库进行网箱养殖倒刺鲃试验,取得了较好的经济效益,现将有关技术介绍如下:一、网箱的制作及设置网箱用3×3聚乙烯线加工的网衣缝制成双层(内网网目大2.0cm,外网网目大3.0cm)封闭式网箱,网箱规格为2.0m×2.0m×2.0m,置入水深1.7m,其有效水体为6.8m3。网箱架用毛竹制成,箱底放置直径为12mm的钢筋做成边长为1.9m的钢筋架,作为沉子,或在网箱下…     

循环水养殖罗非鱼氮收支及对水质影响的初步研究

为提供实际生产理论依据,改良系统水处理工艺,开展循环水养殖系统中吉富罗非鱼氮收支和对水质情况的初步研究。起始养殖密度8 kg/m3,投饲率2%,系统循环量1 m3/h,总水量0.8 m3。试验期间溶解氧大于6 mg/L,pH 7.0～7.2,水温23～25℃。每周监测水质2～3次,监测指标包括氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮,每2周检测1次水中总氮。用凯氏定氮法测定实验前后饲料、试验鱼体、粪便、悬浮颗粒的氮含量。结果显示,摄食氮有50.00±1.50%转化为生长氮,32.61±1.38%转化为排泄氮,17.39±4.0%转化为粪氮;58%的粪氮为悬浮颗粒物,42%为可沉淀颗粒物。     

江黄颡鱼人工繁育的初步研究

对江黄颡鱼人工繁殖和育苗进行了试验。以PG(鲤鱼脑垂体激素)、HCG(绒毛膜促性腺激素)等催产药物进行混合催产,水温24～26℃,效应时间为20～24h,产卵率为90%以上。采用等渗液稀释磨碎的精巢进行人工授精,用塑料网片着卵板粘卵,在孵化池内孵化,平均孵化率为87%。研究结果表明:江黄颡鱼在广西的适宜催产季节为4月中旬至6月底,工厂化育苗的饵料可用丰年虫和适口虾料来解决。