青藏高原几种嵩草的生物量及其幼苗生长发育的初步研究

研究了青藏高原４种嵩草属植物的枝条发育状况，生物量积累特征以及３种嵩草幼苗的生长发良规律。结果表明；各嵩草营养枝条的季节变化有两个高峰期，而线叶蒿草的生殖枝有一个明显的高峰期，其它嵩草无高期峰。     

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

Vegetation plays an important role in soil erosion control, but few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of vegetation stems on hydraulics of overland flow. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effects of vegetation stems on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow velocity and hydraulic resistance of silt‐laden overland flow. Cylinders with diameter D of 2·0, 3·2 and 4·0 × 10⁻² m were glued onto the flume bed to simulate the vegetation stems, and a bare slope was used as control. The flow discharge varied from 0·5 to 1·5 × 10⁻³ m³ s⁻¹ and slope gradient was 9°. Results showed that Reynolds number on vegetated slope was significantly higher than that on bare slope because of the effect of vegetation stems on effective flow width. All the flows were supercritical flow, but Froude number decreased as D increased, implying a decrease in runoff ability to carry sediment. The mean flow velocity also decreased with D, while the velocity profile became steeper, and no significant differences were found in surface flow velocities among longitudinal sections on all slopes. Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient increased with D, implying that the energy consumption of overland flow on hydraulic resistance increased. Reynolds number was not a unique predictor of hydraulic roughness on vegetated slopes. The total resistance on vegetated slopes was partitioned into grain resistance and vegetation resistance, and vegetation resistance accounted for almost 80% of the total resistance and was the dominant roughness element. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under controlled conditions to actual overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于经济组网方式的灌溉远程自动控制系统

灌溉远程自动控制系统数据通讯部分的工程投入,一般占工程总投入的50%以上。根据工程实践,从数据传输部分入手,将经济组网方式、无线半双工窄带高速数据通讯技术、先进的数据库访问连接技术以及错开水泵开关与数据采样、传输时间等抗干扰技术措施,应用于灌溉远程自动控制系统,使该系统的整体技术经济性能得到显著提高,并有效降低了工程造价。     

热研8-79旺产期开割树产胶生理特性研究初报

以我国中规模推广级早熟高产品种热研8-79旺产期开割树为材料,测定了产量、干含、蔗糖、无机磷、硫醇和镁离子等指标变化,以期研究该品种的生理特性和对s/2d/3+ET1%刺激割胶制度的适应性。结果表明,无刺激条件下,相对于生理基本平衡的RRIM600品种,热研8-79具有高糖、高硫醇和高产的特性;刺激后产量增加不明显,胶乳的稳定性增强,但糖和干胶含量有所下降,显示出部分疲劳生理效应。根据该品种产量很高、较易死皮的特点,生产中刺激割胶应遵循低浓度低频率原则,同时必须加强施肥,提高管理水平。     

DTA-6对两种食用豆生理代谢及产量的影响

为探究2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯（diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,DTA-6）对食用豆叶片的生理代谢及产量的调控效应,选用芸豆（英国红）和小豆（龙垦2号）为试验材料,采用大田完全随机试验方法,于芸豆和小豆的初花期叶面喷施DTA-6,以喷施清水为对照（CK）,测定各生育时期叶片光合参数、碳代谢产物、干物质、产量及产量构成因素。结果表明：DTA-6提高了2种食用豆各生育期的SPAD值、盛花期和鼓粒期的净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）和胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）,显著增加了叶片蔗糖和可溶性糖的含量,促进了叶片淀粉的积累;与CK相比,DTA-6提高了2种食用豆的地上部单株干物质积累量,并且显著提高了芸豆和小豆鼓粒期荚分配率;DTA-6可有效调控2种食用豆的单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重,从而提高产量,DTA-6处理的芸豆和小豆产量分别较CK增加13.30%和12.91%,增产显著。     

竹笋象危害对竹材物理力学性质的影响

对受笋万纹象(Otidognathus rubriceps Chevrolot)、一字竹笋象(O.davidis Fairmaire)、大竹笋象(Cyrtatrachelus longimanus Fabricius)危害后断梢毛竹、竹腔注药防治后毛竹、正常毛竹3种竹材进行竹材抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度测定结果表明,与正常毛竹相比较,受竹笋象危害断梢毛竹差异显著,3个竹材物理力学性质指标分别下降了43.79%、39.01%、29.28%,竹腔注药防治后毛竹3个指标下降了13.87%、10.95%、9.01%,但差异不显著,不影响竹材的使用价值.     

昆虫病原线虫对木麻黄毒蛾侵染能力的初步研究

本文报道应用昆虫病原线虫Steinernema spp.室内对木麻黄毒蛾的侵染能力。通过斯氏属九个线虫品系对木毒蛾的侵染力测定筛选出S.feltiae Agriotos为最佳品系;能寄生低、中、高龄幼虫及蛹;可在3天内把害虫致死。供试的其它八个线虫品系也能不同程度地致死害虫,并在死虫体内繁殖。S.f.Agriotos线虫的剂量对木毒蛾的致死速度及效果有影响,以1000条线虫/害虫侵染期线虫为最适宜剂量,林间对木毒蛾幼虫的致死率平均为89.6%。     

隧道窑用于焖烧法生产活性炭初试

用隧道式活化炉取代焖烧炉生产活性炭的试验结果表明：按照活化工艺温度８５０℃,时间３６～６０ｈ,粉状活性炭产品质量可达到部颁标准,颗粒活性炭延长活化时间,产品质量可达到载体炭的质量,隧道窑焖烧法用以生产颗粒炭是可行的。     

电子商务简述

电子商务不仅是ＩＴ业务最新、最具生命力的增长点，代表了未来信息产业的发展方向，更为重要的是，它将对全球经济和社会的发展产生深刻的影响。 那么什么是电子商务呢？电子商务（ＥＩｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ Ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｅ，简写为ＥＣ）就是利用计算机ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ公众网络和技术，通过信息网络以电子数据信息流通的方式进行的各种商务活动。 一、电子商务的优越性 基于ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的电子商务提供的一个虚拟的全球性的交易环境，ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ本身所具有的开放性、全球性、低成本、高效率的特点，也就形成了电子商务的内在特征。 …     

Effects of cultivar resistance and fungicide application on stem canker of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and potential interseasonal transmission of Leptosphaeria spp. inoculum

Phoma stem canker is a damaging disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) that causes annual yield losses to UK oilseed rape growers worth approximately £100 million, despite the use of fungicides. In the UK, oilseed rape is sown in August/September and harvested in the following July. The disease epidemics are initiated by ascospores released from Leptosphaeria spp. pseudothecia (ascocarps) on stem stubble in the autumn/winter. Control of this disease is reliant on the use of cultivars with “field resistance” and azole fungicides. This study investigated the effects of cultivar resistance and application of the fungicide prothioconazole on the severity of stem canker before harvest and the subsequent production of pseudothecia on the infected stubble under natural conditions in the 2017/2018, 2018/2019, and 2019/2020 cropping seasons. The application of prothioconazole and cultivar resistance decreased the severity of phoma stem canker before harvest, and the subsequent production of Leptosphaeria spp. pseudothecia on stubble in terms of pseudothecial density. Results showed that stems with less severe stem cankers produced fewer mature pseudothecia of Leptosphaeria spp. on the infected stubble. This investigation suggests that the most sustainable and effective integrated control strategy for phoma stem canker in seasons with low quantities of inoculum is to use cultivars with medium or good field resistance and apply only one spray of prothioconazole when required.