Direct lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys

The lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys was studied in floor pens without the presence of Heterakis gallinarum. Battery-reared poults (120) were transferred at 2 wk of age to concrete-floored floor pens with fresh pine shavings litter (40/group). One group received no exposure. In other groups, either 10% or 25% of the birds were inoculated per cloaca with cultured H. meleagridis (200,000/bird) and placed in the pens as seeder birds. Inoculated birds died at 10-18 days postinfection (PI) showing typical liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis. Birds in the high-exposure group died of histomoniasis beginning 16 days PI and continuing to 100% mortality by day 23 PI. Birds in the low-exposure (LE) group died beginning on day 19 PI and continuing through day 31 PI. All but one LE bird alive on day 31 PI had severe liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis at necropsy. There was no evidence of histomoniasis in unexposed birds. No cecal worms (H. gallinarum) were found at necropsy of dead birds or in unexposed birds at the end of the experiment. Even though H. gallinarum is the only known reservoir for H. meleagridis, these results suggest that lateral transmission of histomoniasis through a flock can occur readily through normal contact between uninfected birds and infected birds and their droppings in the total absence of cecal worms.     

猪链球菌2型四川分离株毒力基因的检测及其序列分析

根据猪链球菌2型的MRP、EPF和SLY基因设计合成了四对引物,对我们分离鉴定的2005四川分离株进行毒力因子检测,并对阳性产物测序比较。结果以分离株为模板,获得了与预期结果一致的867bp(MRP)、572bp(EF)的2个片段,以及SLY的长度为1502bp目的片段(外引物)和1443bp的目的片段(内引物)。说明分离株SSsc0501为MRP+EF+SLY+,属于具有3种主要毒力因子的强毒株。经对PCR阳性产物测序及序列分析,结果其与P1/7株的核苷酸序列完全一致,与1933株的同源性达99.7%,仅在128位、217位、744位、1380位、1386位的5个核苷酸发生突变。在氨基酸水平上SSsc0501株与1933株的同源性达99.6%,有2个氨基酸发生替代。     

碱茅耐盐性的研究

对碱茅不同生育期的耐盐性试验表明：碱茅成株的耐盐性强，种子和苗期的耐盐性低。种子对硫酸盐土混合盐、碳酸钠单盐和氯化钠单盐室内萌发的耐盐度分别是（溶液浓度）３．４７％、１．０８％、１．５８％。种子出苗期适宜的土壤盐渍度为１．７１２％，临界盐渍度为３．１０％。苗期以后耐盐性逐渐提高，可在２．４７～２．７９％的土壤盐渍度下生长发育正常。成株的耐盐度高达４．２４８％。田间播种碱茅草在０～１０ｃｍ土壤含盐量１．６５％以下时，可以正常出苗。盐分达到１．８５％时，需要加大实际播量，以便全苗。     

吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭后期作用效果初探

选用21日龄樱桃谷鸭36只,采用有重复对照试验,比较饲粮中添加0．2×10－6吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭生产性能、屠体品质和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,吡啶羧酸铬对增重、饲料转化率无显著影响,对屠宰率、胸肌率和皮脂率亦无显著影响;但使心重、血清总甘油三酯显著降低,血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著增加。     

几种绵羊常用粗饲料GI的测定及其代谢能模型化研究

在测定5类9种粗饲料及3个混合粗饲料的常规成分基础上,实测了它们的粗饲料分级指数(GI):大青山草地早熟禾3.4758、沙打旺3.3731、苜蓿1.7202、混粗C21.1797、青干草1.1029、混粗C10.7852、羊草0.5684、玉米青贮0.4152、玉米秸0.1985、谷草0.1728、混粗D0.0805、苏丹草0.0687,并就GI与饲料相对值(RFV)对粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较,表明GI要优于RFV,同时证明:GI还可以用于混合粗饲料的优化与牧草刈割期的确定。研究并建立了预测粗饲料代谢能(ME)的模型:ME(MJ/kg)=-11.7492 0.5959IVDM(D%)-0.0044[IVDM(D%)]2,其中IVDMD为体外干物质消化率。     

江都市生猪定点屠宰场动物防疫规范

畜牧兽医站与屠宰场是管理和被管理的关系。畜牧兽医站依据《动物防疫法》、《江苏省动物防疫条例》等法律、法规履行对动物防疫条件审核，对防疫、检疫法规执行情况检查，对屠宰场防疫工作进行督查、督办，并派出专职检疫员实施待宰动物入场检疫、宰前检疫、宰后检疫和检疫记录、有关防疫资料的核查和监督病害畜禽及其产品的处理等     

鄂温克旗退化草地现状与草业的可持续发展

通过对鄂温克旗天然草地资源23年(1974～1997)的动态分析,阐明了自治旗天然草地退化的现状、特征、趋势和导致草地退化的主要原因,并提出了相应的可持续发展措施.     

植物内整流K~+通道AKT1的研究进展

K~+是植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素。内整流K~+通道(Arabidopsis K~+transporter 1,AKT1)属于Shaker家族,是介导K~+吸收的重要通道,为质膜的K~+感应器,参与调节细胞的生长发育、调控气孔运动及植物蒸腾作用,能够提高植株的抗旱耐盐性,因而在植物生长过程中具有重要作用。该文概述了AKT1的结构、组织表达定位和表达调控及功能等方面的研究进展,并提出采用蛋白组学、基因工程技术及RNAi手段深入研究K~+、Na~+吸收及转运的协同调控机制,提高作物对土壤中K~+的利用效率及AKT1在植物生理代谢、抗逆性中的作用。     

Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases

Surgical outcome and complications following evisceration and implantation of intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) in 20 canine eyes with end-stage glaucoma were analyzed, including clinical signs, complications, cosmetic appearance, and owners' responses. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 312 days. Major short-term surgical complications were central corneal ulceration (6/20) and infections (3/20), while long-term complication was keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (2/20). All patient owners (100%) showed satisfied with the surgical outcome and postoperative cosmetic effect including 85% of the owners gave an excellent or good rating of satisfaction. No more medication needed for long term control except the KCS cases. With careful case selection and post-operative care, evisceration with ISP implantation proves a good and safe surgical procedure with minimal complications for end stage glaucoma.     

低蛋白质饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对育成期蓝狐生长性能和营养物质消化代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化代谢的影响。选用平均体重为(2.21±0.60)kg的9周龄健康雄性蓝狐105只,随机分为7组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只。6个试验组分别饲喂在蛋白质水平为30%的基础饲粮(低蛋白质饲粮)中添加0(Ⅰ组)、0.2%(Ⅱ组)、0.4%(Ⅲ组)、0.6%(Ⅳ组)、0.8%(Ⅴ组)和1.0%(Ⅵ组)蛋氨酸的试验试粮。对照组(Ⅶ组)饲喂蛋白质水平为32%的基础饲粮(适宜蛋白质饲粮)。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:Ⅴ组与Ⅵ组的末重(第45天体重)极显著高于其他试验组(P<0.01),并与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。第16~30天的平均日增重,Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),并与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);第31~45天的平均日增重,Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组极显著高于其他试验组(P<0.01),且Ⅴ组还显著高于Ⅵ组和对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组的干物质排出量极显著低于其他试验组(P<0.01),并与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅴ组的干物质消化率显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),并与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组的蛋白质消化率显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),并与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅰ组的脂肪消化率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),其他各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组的胱氨酸排出量极显著低于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和对照组(P<0.01);Ⅵ组的胱氨酸消化率极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),对照组的胱氨酸消化率与Ⅴ组无显著差异(P>0.05);随着蛋氨酸添加水平的提高,蓝狐的蛋氨酸消化率相应增高,Ⅵ组显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅴ组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅳ组的总氮排出量显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅴ组的氮沉积极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ组的净蛋白质利用率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合本试验的各项测定指标,在蛋白质水平为30%的低蛋白质饲粮中添加0.8%的蛋氨酸即饲粮中蛋氨酸水平为1.14%时能够满足育成期蓝狐对蛋氨酸的需要量,此时蓝狐的生长性能、蛋白质消化率和氮沉积较为理想。