数字时代催生饲料企业营销变局

根据中国互联网信息中心发布的统计报告,截至2010年12月31日,中国网民数量达到了4.57亿,其中农村网民数量1.25亿,手机网民数量3.03亿。如此庞大的数据,意味着饲料企业的营销工作必须正视对网络世界的经营。     

Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis in a 4‐month‐old foal

Vertebral body osteomyelitis in the cervical spine secondary to Rhodococcus equi has been treated both medically and surgically. This Case Report describes a 4‐month‐old foal exhibiting severe neurological signs from R. equi vertebral body osteomyelitis. Rapid, significant resolvement of neurological signs was noted in this case with surgical debridement and use of synthetic bone filler. The outcome suggests that aggressive surgical therapy in conjunction with synthetic allograft may be indicated in treatment of cervical vertebral body osteomyelitis.     

不同脱萼处理对‘华梨1号’梨脱萼率及果实品质的影响

以‘华梨1号’梨为试材,于梨花露白的花蕾期和盛花期喷施不同浓度的PBO和40%氟硅唑处理,研究不同脱萼处理对‘华梨1号’梨果脱萼率、座果率、单果重、果形指数和果实外观品质和内在品质的影响。结果表明：喷施不同浓度的PBO和40%氟硅唑处理对于‘华梨1号’梨幼果的萼片脱落及果实品质的影响差异显著。其中喷施12000 倍40%氟硅唑+600 倍PBO处理脱萼效果最为显著,幼果脱萼果率为92.53%;花朵座果率为97.58%,与清水对照处理差异不显著;果形指数为0.89,显著低于其他处理的果形指数,果形呈扁圆形,提高了果实的整齐度,改善了梨果外观品质;同时显著提高梨果的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖的含量,降低了梨果的果肉硬度,提高了‘华梨1号’梨果实的内在品质。     

Multidimensional diversity of bird communities across spatial variation of land cover in Zoige on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Background: Spatial variation of land cover can result in the changes of community similarities and biotic homog-enization, whereby the increasing similarity wo...     

自然灾害期间的动物疫病防控浅析

自然灾害对动物疫病有严重的影响,可使饲养环境、饮用水资源等遭到破坏,而且使疫病加速传播。本文对灾害对微生物群落的影响及如何开展灾后动物疫病的防控措施作以简要介绍,包括及时处理死亡畜禽、做好灾后消毒、开展免疫检疫、完善应急机制、加强畜禽饲养管理、重视人员安全防护等内容,以期为灾后动物疫病的防控提供指导。     

2018年安徽省部分地区A型禽流感流行率横断面研究

为了解安徽省A型禽流感病毒感染情况,2018年4—5月,在安徽省北部、中部和南部7个市,随机选取各类型场点173个,在每个场点内随机采集35份咽喉/泄殖腔和环境拭子样品,使用荧光RT-PCR进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型流感病毒核酸检测。结果显示：在4个养殖场、3个活禽批发市场和17个农贸市场检出了A型禽流感病毒,场点阳性率分别为2.9%（4/140）、75.0%（3/4）、80.9%（17/21）,未检出H5和H7亚型流感病毒核酸;A型禽流感群体流行率为11.2%（95%CI：6.5%~15.8%）,个体流行率为1.2%（95%CI：0.9%~1.5%）;活禽交易市场内,禽群感染A型禽流感病毒的风险较高（OR=136,95%CI：32.7~549.4）。结果表明,A型禽流感病毒在养殖和交易环节存在一定的污染,而在活禽交易市场的污染更严重,是今后禽流感防控的重点,需继续加强活禽交易市场的管理和消毒灭源工作。     

犊牛魏氏梭菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

2017年1月,山东省某规模化奶牛场10～20日龄犊牛出现腹泻、拉血便、呼吸困难等症状,部分犊牛突然死亡。通过流行病学调查和尸体剖检,初步怀疑为魏氏梭菌感染。采集病料进行病理组织学检查、细菌分离鉴定、生化试验、16S及毒素基因检测等,证明疫情由A型魏氏梭菌所致。对死亡犊牛的肠内容物及分离菌株进行致病性研究,发现肠内容物及分离菌株具有较强的致病性。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对青霉素、头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等表现极敏感。根据病原确诊情况及药敏试验结果,指导临床用药,及时控制了牛场疫情。     

紫茎泽兰对萨能奶山羊血常规及重要脏器病理学的影响

紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)在中国作为入侵物种,可造成食草动物中毒死亡,并给畜牧业带巨大的损失。为研究反刍动物采食紫茎泽兰后的中毒机理,本研究探讨了日粮中添加不同剂量的紫茎泽兰对萨能奶山羊(Saanen goat)血常规及肝、脾、肾的病理学影响。选择16只5~6月龄健康萨能奶山羊,随机分成对照组(日粮中未添加紫茎泽兰)和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(日粮配比中分别添加紫茎泽兰40%、60%和80%),每组4只。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂含40%、60%和80%紫茎泽兰的混合日粮3个月,每两周检测一次血常规,试验末屠宰奶山羊,并观察其肝、肾、脾的病理学变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组血液中的白细胞(white blood cell,)和中性粒细胞(neutrophil,NEUT)均显著升高(P0.05),试验后期极显著高于对照组(P0.01);而各试验组血液中淋巴细胞(lymphocyte,LY)与血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)均呈下降趋势,试验后期均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。肝和脾肿大,肝组织出现淤血,肝细胞发生水泡变性及脂肪变性等,肾组织伴有出血、坏死、颗粒变性及水泡样变性的现象。因此,本研究结果说明紫茎泽兰对萨能奶山羊血液指标有显著影响,且长期摄入紫茎泽兰可引起动物肝、肾、脾等主要实质器官不同程度的损伤。     

Effect of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality in three genotypes of chicken

The effects of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid (NA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were investigated in three genotypes of chicken. Fast‐growing AA (Arbor Acres) broilers were compared with two genotypes of a slow‐growing local breed, Beijing‐You, that had undergone selection for and against intramuscular fat content respectively (BJY+IMF and BJY?IMF). The treatments were arranged 3 × 4 factorial completely randomized design. Day‐old females (n = 624) were allocated to four treatments with six replicates per treatment and fed diets (basal contained ～25 mg NA/kg) supplemented with 0, 30, 60 and 120 mg NA/kg. A sample of 72 birds from each genotype was slaughtered at market time (8 weeks of age for AA and 16 weeks of age for BJY). The breast muscles of AA broilers were darker, had less redness and yellowness, lower drip loss and higher shear force as compared to the BJY genotypes (p < 0.01). The highest drip loss and the lowest shear force among the three genotypes were apparent in BJY+IMF (p < 0.01). Increasing supplementation from 0 to 60 mg NA/kg tended to increase average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, width of intermuscular fat band, thickness of subcutaneous fat (including skin) and percentage of abdominal fat but, for most variables, values decreased slightly with 120 mg NA/kg. Increasing supplementation to 60 mg NA/kg decreased (quadratic, p < 0.001) drip loss, but it increased at 120 mg NA/kg. The present results indicate that (i) the AA broilers fed corn–soybean meal based‐diets require approximately 60 mg NA/kg to maximize ADG and meat product yield and decrease the drip loss of breast muscle; (ii) the addition of 30 mg NA/kg meets the requirement of BJY genotypes; and (iii) there seems to be no beneficial effect of NA supplementation on chicken meat quality except for limiting the drip loss.     

中药制剂“肠宁Ⅱ”（CNⅡ）的喂养繁殖试验研究

为了提供中药制剂"肠宁Ⅱ"(CNⅡ)的安全毒理学评价资料,本试验应用昆明种小白鼠对中药制剂"肠宁Ⅱ"进行了喂养繁殖试验。结果表明:试验期间,小白鼠的受孕率、妊娠率、采食量、脏器系数、F1代小鼠体重、血常规、肝功能、肾功能及病理组织学检查,各试验组与阴性对照组比较差异均不显著,但出生存活率、哺育存活率与对照组相比差异极显著。说明应用此药对小白鼠未造成毒性影响,且可以显著提高小白鼠出生存活率与哺育存活率。