大豆异黄酮的生理功能及检测方法研究进展

综述近年来国内外对大豆异黄酮生理功能及检测方法的研究进展。大豆异黄酮在抗肿瘤、防治心血管疾病、抗菌消炎、预防骨质疏松和老年痴呆症等方面具有重要作用。大豆异黄酮的检测方法包括紫外分光光度法、色谱法、层析法和免疫检测法等。     

基于组学的作物杂种优势研究进展

杂种优势,又称杂种活力,是指来源于物种内不同品种或者不同物种间杂交后代在生物产量、生长势以及育性等方面均优于亲本的现象。目前对于杂种优势形成的遗传机制一直停留在假说层面。分子标记技术的飞速发展为杂种优势的遗传机制研究提供了新的途径,在不同作物中,已证实显性、超显性和上位性效应对杂种优势的形成均有贡献。随着基因组、转录组、蛋白组等多组学技术及表观遗传学技术的兴起,为在全基因组水平研究杂种优势提供了机会,更有利于从不同角度对杂种优势形成的遗传基础进行全面解析。本研究从杂种优势位点定位,杂交种相对于亲本的转录组水平,蛋白质水平及表观调控改变等方面进行了概述,为全面深入理解杂种优势及更好地研究、利用杂种优势提供帮助。     

外源GA3和IAA对陕南烤烟上部叶品质的影响

在陕南烟区采用田间试验,以云烟99为材料,通过两因素交互试验,研究了外源喷施不同浓度的GA₃（Gibberellin）和IAA（Indole-3-acetic acid）对烤烟上部叶全碳、可溶性总糖、还原糖、淀粉、全氮、烟碱、全钾含量、经济性状以及烤后化学成分的影响,目的在于寻求改善陕南烟区上部烟叶品质,提高其可用性的有效途径。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施外源GA₃ 50mg/L+IAA 30mg/L能够显著增加打顶后30d烤烟上部叶的全碳、全钾、可溶性总糖和还原糖含量,其增幅分别为23.80%、46.58%、38.10%和48.55%;同时,提高了烤后烟叶的糖碱比、氮碱比,降低了烟碱和淀粉含量,且二者协同效果好于单施,尤其对产量、上等烟比例、烤后可溶性总糖含量、还原糖含量有显著的促进作用。综合分析,GA₃ 50mg/L+IAA 30mg/L二元协同施用可作为提升上部烟叶品质的技术措施,对改善上部烟叶品质具有较好参考价值。     

茶树越冬芽在休眠与萌发时期的物质交流变化及其分子调控

为揭示不同萌发物候型茶树的休眠机制,以特早生茶树品种龙井43和中生茶树品种碧云为材料,利用钙黄素处理茶树茎段,检测越冬芽在休眠与萌发时期与其他器官的物质交流情况。利用同源比对鉴定胼胝质水解相关基因,并分析其序列特征及在冬季不同时期的表达模式。结果表明,越冬芽在茶树生长阶段和休眠阶段都存在着与着生茎段和母叶间的物质交流;从茶树越冬芽休眠形成到解除的不同时期,其物质交流存在"强-弱-强"的变化规律,但龙井43的与碧云相比存在较短的物质交流减弱时期;两种茶树的物质交流变化模式与鉴定到的茶树胼胝质水解正向调控相关基因CsGLU1的表达模式密切相关;启动子序列分析进一步证实CsGLU1启动子区有多个与激素信号以及低温和休眠响应相关转录因子结合的保守序列。茶树越冬芽在休眠和非休眠状态下都存在与茎和母叶之间的物质交流,且物质交流强弱与茶树越冬芽休眠状态改变密切相关。CsGLU1可能是参与胼胝质水解调控,改变茶树越冬芽物质交流水平,进而影响茶树休眠状态的关键基因。这对明确茶树越冬芽休眠状态变化和深入揭示不同萌发物候型茶树休眠机理有重要意义。     

真菌毒素(mycotoxin)ELISA检测方法新进展

真菌毒素对人类及动物危害严重。人们建立了各种毒素检测方法,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)其中的一种。本文对ELISA结合胶体金标技术检测霉菌毒素,以及与应用噬菌体展示技术产生的毒素模拟表位肽结合检测毒素的优点进行了综述。     

桔小实蝇5个地理种群的SSR遗传多态性分析

桔小实蝇Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)是一种为害多种水果、瓜类、茄类蔬菜的检疫性害虫,食性杂、寄主范围广,直接威胁水果和蔬菜的安全生产。运用改进的CTAB法提取单头实蝇的基因组DNA,形态鉴定及特异性引物BD1/BD2PCR鉴定桔小实蝇,用7对微卫星标记(SSR)引物对采自中国福建、海南、广东、云南和四川5省的桔小实蝇种群间的遗传关系进行初步分析,DPS聚类分析结果显示,福建桔小实蝇与其他几个地区的桔小实蝇的差异性较大,达到0.86,另外4省之间遗传距离较近。     

Experimental Analysis on Energy Dissipation Mechanism and Seismic Performance of Steel Truss Coupling Beam-Coupled Shear Wall Structure

Pseudo-dynamic tests and low cyclic reversed loading tests on two-floor coupled shear wall planar structures were conducted, and one is arranged with two steel truss coupling beams, the other is arranged with a steel coupling beam and a RC coupling beam. The shear walls’ seismic response under different earthquake intensity was deliberated, Their failure mechanism, bearing capacity, hysteretic ductility, energy dissipation mechanism, and stiffness and strength degradation mechanism were analyzed as well. The results show that the shear wall with two steel truss coupling beams has reasonable stiffness distribution. Its energy dissipation mechanism, stiffness and strength degradation mechanism can fulfill the demands of coupled shear wall’s seismic design: under rare earthquake, it can maintain good bearing capacity and stiffness, and keep restraining the walls. Its seismic performance is superior to RC coupling beams-coupled shear wall system.     

Analysis of Unbalanced Data by Mixed Linear Models Using the mixed Procedure of the SAS System

Unbalanced data are a common problem in plant research based on designed experiments. Such data are often conveniently analysed using linear mixed models. Recent developments in mixed model theory have been implemented in major packages. This paper describes the use of the mixed procedure of the SAS System for the analysis of designed experiments. Special emphasis is given to the specification of options as depending on the assumed mixed model and on the unbalancedness in the data. In addition, we consider a compact representation of multiple comparisons for unbalanced data (letter display). Two small data sets are used to exemplify the methods.     

Evolution of spatial structure patterns of city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspective of corporate pledge linkage

The pledge of stock rights is a method for measuring the external horizontal connections of enterprises, which is more suitable to represent the city network compared with the vertical connections of enterprises. Meanwhile, it is greatly significant to express the relationships of regional spaces. The paper characterizes and explores the evolution of urban spatial structure with complex network research methods to enrich the relevant works on city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2017. The results are as follows: First, from 2011 to 2017, the pledge of stock rights among cities was enhanced significantly, and the trend of the city networks' characteristics become strengthened and more complicated. Second, cities in the Yangtze River Delta have relatively high connection values, however, cities in the western area are holding peripheral positions within the city network. Third, due to the advantages of economic agglomeration and radiation, the provincial capital have become the core nodes in the city network. Fourth, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing have dominant positions within city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Particularly, Shanghai, as one of the leading financial centers in China, has a growing influence on other cities and gradually evolved into a regional growth pole city and the first core city.     

Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.