Integration of meta-QTL discovery with omics:Towards a molecular breeding platform for improving wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a global wheat disease that devastates wheat production. Resistance to FHB spread within a wheat spike (type II resistance) and to...     

Progress in Isoindolone Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Microorganism: Pharmacology,Preparation, and Mechanism

Compound 1 (SMTP-7, also FGFC1), an isoindolone alkaloid from marine fungi Starchbotrys longispora FG216 and fungi Stachybotrys microspora IFO 30018, possessed diverse bioactivities such as thrombolysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and so on. It may be widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including cerebral infarction, stroke, ischemia/reperfusion damage, acute kidney injury, etc. Especially in cerebral infarction, compound 1 could reduce hemorrhagic transformation along with thrombolytic therapy, as the traditional therapies are accompanied with bleeding risks. In the latest studies, compound 1 selectively inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation, thus demonstrating its excellent anti-cancer activity. Herein, we summarized pharmacological activities, preparation of staplabin congeners—especially compound 1—and the mechanism of compound 1, with potential therapeutic applications.     

分子标记及其在标记辅助选择中的应用

运用分子标记来进行标记辅助选择,已经成为当今家畜育种的一种趋势。笔者对目前常见的几种分子标记进行了简要介绍,并就分子标记在标记辅助选择中的应用,特别就分子标记在标记辅助选择中分子标记图谱的构建、分子标记的筛选、QTL定位和与分子标记的连锁分析3个方面的应用作了较详尽的综述。     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

碱酶两步法制备大米蛋白的研究

该文采用碱法和酶法两步加工碎米,制备得到纯度较高的大米蛋白。通过研究米粉粒度、pH值、温度、水料比和时间对提取率的影响,确定碱法制备大米蛋白的较佳工艺条件为：米粉粒度80目,pH 11.0,温度50℃,水料比8,时间120 min。采用α-淀粉酶对大米蛋白进行纯化,酶解条件为：加酶量60 U/g,pH 6.0,温度50℃,时间30 min。在上述工艺条件下制备大米蛋白,提取率为73.22%,纯度为88.75%。     

改革开放以来的农民分化

改革开放以来的农民分化在过程中首先表现为职业上的非农化,大量农民通过"离土不离乡"和"离土又离乡"两种渠道,以"农民工"的身份实现着职业的非农化和自由流动,市场化改革带来的社会职业设置的差异,使得农民就业空间在增大的同时,农民群体在社会利益获得和分配上出现了极大的差异,农民垂直向度的经济分化在市场化进程中出现了新的特征,农村社会结构逐步转型。     

春玉米、冬小麦涌泉灌溉与垄膜沟种的组合应用试验

涌泉灌溉用于大田作物主要问题是流量小,沟、畦横断面大,水流在田间很难向前推进。为此将其与垄膜沟种技术组合,缩小过水横断面,减小或杜绝侧渗,提高水流推进能力,这样可最大限度地减少灌水器(稳流器)数量,改善灌水质量,提高田间土壤水分的均匀度,进而为涌泉灌溉用于大田作物提供了可能性。采用涌泉灌溉配套垄膜沟种耕作方式,提高了降水的有效利用率,减少了灌水量与灌水次数、减少了棵间土壤水蒸发、农田耗水比一般大田灌溉节省28.3%。由于灌水量可控,比一般地面灌溉节约28%～47%。     

坝竹和小篷竹景观效果及实生苗培育

实地调查了黔北坝竹和黔南小蓬竹天然林景观效果,并进行了引种及实生苗培育试验。结果表明：2个竹种在喀斯特石山地沿岩壁下垂如帘,形态飘逸,颇为美观。坝竹实生苗人工培育1年时,每株苗分蘖11个左右,苗高50 cm左右,培育15个月时苗高74 cm左右;小蓬竹实生苗人工培育1年时,每株苗分蘖7个左右,苗高72 cm左右,培育15个月时苗高77 cm左右。研究结果可为坝竹和小篷竹的边坡绿化及盆栽观赏提供参考。     

OsGF14b modulates defense signaling pathways in rice panicle blast response

Rice with panicle-blast resistance is needed for stable rice production. Although we have previously demonstrated that OsGF14b underlies a quantitative trait lo...     

福建余甘子遗传资源的RAPD分析

以福建省34份余甘子遗传资源为材料,采用20个具特异扩增的多态性引物对福建省34份余甘子基因型进行扩增,20个引物,在34份供试材料中总共扩增出259个位点,且均是多态的,多态性程度达100%,平均每个引物扩增12.95个位点。同时,获得了19个引物对23份材料扩增的RAPD特征标记47个,17个引物在36对材料上共扩增出36个共享特征RAPD标记;采用ED(欧氏距离)法进行RAPD标记的聚类分析则可将福建34份余甘子遗传资源明显划分为惠安余甘和莆田余甘两大类。各供试材料之间的遗传距离范围为0.00～1.00,其中栽培品种与野生资源之间遗传距离在0.43～1.00之间;莆田余甘资源与惠安余甘资源之间遗传距离为0.27～0.99。