三峡库区兴山县引种美国山核桃试验初报

美国山核桃是著名优良干果油料树种。从浙江、云南等省引进性状表现优良的6个美国山核桃品种在长江三峡库区兴山县栽培试验,观测其引种表现,并对树体生长物候期、生长结果习性及丰产性抗性等进行了初步分析,结果表明：在良好的管理条件下产量和质量与原产地基本相同,适宜于三峡库区兴山县栽培。     

Quantifying the respective and additive effects of nectar plant crop borders and withholding insecticides on biological control of pests in subtropical rice

Conservation biological control avoids the need for mass releases of costly agents and the risks associated with introducing exotic agents by promoting existing natural enemies. This is done by alleviating insecticide-induced mortality and by manipulating the habitat to provide resources such as nectar, but there is a dearth of information on the relative and interactive effects of these two approaches. Here we used a large-scale factorial experiment with plots comprised of entire fields to test the effects of, and interactions between, withholding insecticides and planting borders of sesame (Sesamum indicum) on natural enemies and pests over 2 years. We used yellow sticky traps, sweeping netting and sentinel bait plants to monitor natural enemies and pests in the canopy and basal zones of the rice crop. Numbers of rice planthopper egg parasitoids and lepidopterous egg parasitoids in the rice canopy, as well as planthopper parasitism rates, were significantly greater in plots that were unsprayed and bordered by sesame, and scarcest in sprayed crops without sesame. Spraying of sesame-bordered crops gave parasitoid numbers similar to sprayed crops without sesame. Spiders in the canopy were significantly reduced in numbers by spraying, but there was no main effect of sesame borders. This study demonstrates that withholding insecticides and sowing nectar plant borders each have measurable as well as additive benefits on in-crop densities of ecosystem service providers responsible for predating and parasitising pests but the identity of the natural enemy determines the impact of these management practices.     

浙江宁海县渔业规模集约化之路的探讨

要彻底解决海洋渔业面临的种种困难，必须从深层次寻找原因，要转变观念，改变传统模式，通过流转，以组建股份制专业合作社或引进农业龙头企业等形式，走渔业规模集约化之路，实现专业化分工和渔业经济规模化。本文就宁海县海洋渔业为何要实现规模化建设，以及如何实施这一建设谈几点初浅的看法，以期有抛砖引玉之功。     

玉米根茬图像的分割方法

对保护性耕作留茬覆盖情况下田间玉米根茬图像进行了分割.选取采集图像的彩度信息作为对象,通过对几种常用的自动阈值选取算法的比较,选择了迭代法对田间图像进行分割.实验结果表明:该方法能够有效地将根茬目标与土壤背景分割开来,为下一步检测行茬直线并将其作为导航基准线进行视觉导航的研究提供了基础.     

Z-ligustilide isolated from Radix Angelicae sinensis ameliorates the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice

We investigated the effect of Z-ligustilide (LIG) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in ICR mice. LIG (2.5–40 mg/kg) or tacrine (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 26 days. Behavior was examined in the Morris water maze and Y-maze after scopolamine administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The central acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. LIG significantly improved spatial long-term memory and short-term memory impairment, inhibited AChE activity and increased ChAT activity. Moreover, LIG and tacrine showed the comparable efficacy in both neurobehavioral and cholinergic evaluation. These data suggest that LIG may alleviate memory deficits probably via enhancing cholinergic function.     

基于无线传感器网络的粮仓环境监测系统设计

为实现粮仓环境中温湿度检测的需求,采用SimpliciTI协议构建了一个低成本的无线粮情监测网络.以无线单片机CC1110和数字温湿度传感器SHT11构建了传感器节点,采用带USB接口的无线单片机CC1111作为主机,并对系统的硬件结构及温湿度采集方法进行了介绍,对无线通信协议进行了分析.经测试试验表明,系统运行稳定.     

荔枝真空冷冻干燥关键技术

为了确定荔枝真空冷冻干燥工艺关键技术参数,以成熟的‘乌叶’荔枝为材料,采用电阻法测量荔枝果肉的共晶点和共熔点温度,通过考察冻干品色泽比较不同护色剂的护色效果,以冻干生产能耗、总冻干时间及冻干品外观形态与色泽等指标进行综合评定冻干效果,优选荔枝真空冷冻干燥工艺关键技术参数。结果表明：荔枝真空冷冻干燥物料的共晶点温度、共熔点温度分为-26℃和-17℃,采用“0.6%柠檬酸”单一护色剂或“0.4%柠檬酸+0.2%维生素C”复合护色剂浸泡20 min,对荔枝冻干品有良好护色效果。冻干过程起始板温控制在80℃以下,升华阶段物料最高温度设定为55℃,升降温期干燥仓真空值组合选择60~70 Pa/60~70 Pa,可节省冻干生产能耗、缩短总冻干时间,同时能改善冻干品的外观形态与色泽。     

石膏与纤维的混合性能评价

研究了多种混合方式对混合料均匀性的影响以及对石膏纤维板半干法生产的适应性。结果表明:3种搅拌方式适合半干法工艺生产,其中悬浮气流式搅拌负面影响较小;混合料颗粒径越大,静曲强度越低;混合料均匀性与水膏比(H/G)、木膏比(W/G)相关,可用一定义的k 值定量描述。     

混合接种Glomus与Pisolithus菌株对尾叶桉矿质营养吸收的影响

对混合接种ＶＡ菌根真菌苏格兰球菌霉和ＥＣＭ真菌彩色豆马勃影响尾叶桉苗期矿质营养元素吸收情况进行了研究。接种苗根真菌对苗木吸收Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ和Ｂ产季了较大的影响,主要体现在促进苗木对上述营养元素的吸收和积累。     

近15年新疆伊犁河谷草地退化时空变化特征

以伊犁河谷为研究区,利用MODIS NDVI数据及像元二分模型,反演草地植被覆盖度,以草地植被覆盖度为评价标准,结合数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据及Getis-Ord Gi*冷/热点分析方法,对伊犁河谷2001-2015年草地退化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明,1)受持续过度放牧及气候条件影响,2001-2015年伊犁河谷草地整体持续退化,15年内退化草地比例达46.18%,但退化以轻度为主;2)空间上退化草地的分布范围逐步向高海拔区域扩展,海拔1 500-3 000 m的中山和中高山区退化草地扩张最明显;3)草地生态保护政策的实施减缓了草地退化速度,草地退化与改善的空间差异逐渐明显,以退化为主的单一变化趋势有所改变;4)利用NDVI反演植被覆盖度对草地退化进行评价的方法存在对高植被覆盖区域草地退化敏感性相对较弱的缺陷。