Structure design and fabrication for resonant accelerometer based on electrostatic stiffness

The introduced resonant accelerometer makes use of the equivalent electrostatic stiffness to sense the acceleration. The sensitivity can be adjusted by changing the applied sensing voltage and it is robust for the fabrication error. According to the sensing principle,the dynamic model of the single beam accelerometer is built along with the no-linear relationship of the output frequency and the displacement of all positive components. When the stiffness of the vibrating beam is much bigger than the stiffness of the fold beam, the sensitivity can effective achieve. It is the restriction for the structure design. For the differential structure, mode analysis shows it is a lower mode in plane for the work mode. Decreasing the stiffness of connected end for the double vibrating beam can reduce the disturbance error. The bulk micromachining for the resonant accelerometer can achieve high depth width ration etching. The experiment find the structure is not broken and there is the same frequency disturbance problem. FM is suggested to deal with the disturbance. Theory analysis and test provides some important conclusions for the design of the novel type resonant accelerometer.     

茶鲜叶保鲜及预处理技术的研究现状

茶鲜叶的保鲜及预加工不仅仅是为了保持茶鲜叶的品质,更多是为了茶叶品质的形成。本文对鲜叶的品质保藏、摊放和萎凋这三方面在茶叶加工过程中的作用和影响做了详细的综述,以期为今后制茶工艺的改进和茶叶品质的提高提供一定的参考价值。     

电子束和赤霉素复合处理一串红干种子对M1代生长发育的影响

一串红干种子经电子束辐照处理后，以赤霉素进行复合处理。对处理后的一串红种子的发芽率、成活率、盛花期的株高、花轴长、单轴花朵数、花粉生活力、叶绿素含量以及叶解剖结构等参数进行统计分析，结果表明，一串红的电子束处理半致死剂量在55Gy左右，85Gy为电子束处理一串红的致死剂量，电子束与赤霉素复合处理明显减轻了植株的损伤，25mg／L的赤霉素为最适宜处理浓度。     

16种抗菌药物对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌研究

通过试管二倍稀释法,测定了16种常用抗菌药物对大肠杆菌O78的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,大肠杆菌标准株对司帕沙星最敏感,MIC为0 .0 0 6 2 5μg·m L- 1 ;其次是环丙沙星,MIC为0 .0 12 5μg·m L- 1 ;大肠杆菌分离株对链霉素最敏感,MIC为4μg·m L- 1 ,对阿米卡星、环丙沙星和司帕沙星较敏感,MIC为8μg·m L- 1 。     

Interactive effects of organic fertilizer, CaSO4 and amino acid Ca on Fuji apple in Burozem soil in China

A two-year trial was conducted to test the interactive effects of special-for-apple organic fertilizer, CaSO₄, and amino acid Ca on Fuji/Balenghaitang (Malus robusta Rehd.) rootstock in Burozem soil in China. Total Ca, exchangeable Ca, and fruit Ca were significantly improved by the soil application of CaSO₄ with the highest exchangeable Ca and fruit Ca observed in Fuji apple trees treated at the rate of 3.5 kg CaSO₄ per tree. 3.5 kg CaSO₄ was divided into two applications, with first application in the first month after full bloom, and the second in the second month after full bloom in summer, progressively to improve fruit Ca concentration. Dividing CaSO₄ into two applications in combination with organic fertilizer or amino acid Ca spray, proved to be more effective on improving the fruit Ca concentration, with the highest level of 179.17 mg/kg FW in Fuji apple trees treated with 2 kg CaSO₄ applied and amino acid Ca sprayed in the first month after full bloom, 1.5 kg CaSO₄ applied in summer, organic fertilizer applied in winter. Organic fertilizer applied in winter alone remarkably improved the fruit Ca concentration, as well as storage Ca in roots and stems, and the best effect was observed in Fuji apple trees which were supplemented organic fertilizer (10 kg) in winter and CaSO₄ (1 kg) in the first month after full bloom per tree. The effect on Ca increment became less pronounced when the amount of organic fertilizer reached 15 kg or CaSO₄ was more than 3.5 kg per tree. There was a positive correlation between the Ca/Mg ratio in soil and fruit, exchangeable Ca, and fruit Ca concentration, while a negative correlation was observed between the N/Ca ratio in fruit, available P, available K in soil, and fruit Ca concentration. Both N/Ca ratio and Ca/Mg ratio in fruit were affected by different fertilization regime, and bitter pit incidence at the end of storage kept acceptable only if N/Ca < 17 and Ca/Mg ≥ 7 at harvest. The commercial fertilization regime turned out to be organic fertilizer in combination with CaSO₄ applied in soil in winter, amino acid Ca sprayed in the first month after full bloom, and CaSO₄ applied in soil in summer. __________ Translated from Journal of Fruit Science, 2007, 24(1): 6–10 [译自: 果树学报]     

苹果果实中细胞质型苹果酸酶基因（NADP-ME）的克隆与表达分析

【研究目的】从苹果果实中克隆细胞质型NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)基因,并且从基因转录水平上研究该基因与苹果果实酸度的关系。【方法】利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆NADP-ME基因,半定量RT-PCR分析该基因在高酸和低酸个体不同发育时期果实中的转录情况,并进行原核表达分析。【结果】成功克隆了细胞质型NADP-ME基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为Mal-ME(GenBank注册号:DQ280492);该基因表达一个约66kD的蛋白;半定量RT-PCR分析表明:不同发育时期的果实中Mal-ME的转录与苹果酸含量呈负相关,即随着Mal-ME转录水平的增强果实含酸量下降。【结论】成功从苹果果实中克隆了细胞质型Mal-ME基因,Mal-ME在果实发育过程中对苹果酸的积累起负调控作用。     

不同果袋处理对红富士苹果贮藏生理的影响

研究了套5种类型果袋对红富士苹果(Malus domestica cv.Red Fuji Spur)低温(0℃)贮藏品质的影响,部分果袋进行早套袋(6月10号)和晚套袋(6月23号)两个处理。各种套袋果实的呼吸速率和失水率在贮藏的第一个月内逐步提高达到峰值,其中套塑膜袋果实的呼吸速率比套小林袋的高47%,同时伴随着可滴定酸、可溶性糖以及硬度的持续降低;随后的一个月内呼吸受到明显抑制,各种品质指标下降缓慢,但在其后的贮藏时间里呼吸速率再次缓慢上升。套塑膜袋的果实仍具有较强的呼吸,晚套袋的果实比早套袋的呼吸略高。贮藏结束时(120d)套小林袋红富士的可滴定酸和果实硬度分别为0.2087%、9.43kg/cm~2,套塑膜袋的分别为0.1812%、8.12kg/cm2。综合贮藏过程中果实的呼吸、糖、酸、硬度等指标的变化结果可以看到,不同果袋以套塑膜袋的果实品质下降最大,套小林袋(KM-2)的果实品质下降最小,其次是双层内红袋、双层内黑袋,再次是双层内塑袋。     

膜生物反应器（MBR）处理畜禽废水的效果研究

本文研究了操作条件对膜生物反应器处理畜禽废水系统运行效果的影响。试验结果表明：经过15d启动试验，系统对畜禽废水的处理效果较好，CODCr的去除率基本稳定在95％～97．5％之间、对氨氮的去除率也稳定在92％～96．6％之间，由此反应器的启动已经完成，系统可进入运行期；当操作条件是温度25℃、DO为4．5mg·L^-1、HRT为12h时，各污染物的综合除去效果达到最佳，此时MBR系统对畜禽废水中CODCr的去除率高于96％、对氨氮的去除率高于93％、对总磷的去除率也能保持在40％以上。     

苹果加工品种遗传多样性分析

 【目的】增进对加工专用苹果品种的了解，为加工苹果育种提供依据。【方法】利用12对微卫星（SSR）标记，通过聚类分析和主坐标分析，研究了18个苹果加工品种和2个鲜食品种的遗传差异。【结果】聚类分析结果将供试品种分为4大类群，第1类是高酸品种酸王，该品种与其它加工品种相似系数均小于0.42；第2类是龙丰和铃铛果，都含有中国小苹果的遗传因子；第3类包括大比耐、苦绯甘、苦开麦、美那和甜格力，都是单宁含量高的酿酒品种；第4类包括12个品种，主要是制汁品种和鲜食品种。各品种的相似系数分布在0.14～0.83之间。利用主坐标分析也将供试品种分为4大类群。两种分析都表明，加工品种之间存在丰富的遗传多样性。【结论】酿酒品种与鲜食及制汁品种之间、中国小苹果与西欧小苹果之间有较大的遗传差异，而制汁品种与鲜食品种的遗传背景较为接近。     

“生物导弹”防治杨二尾舟蛾初报

有害生物综合治理是以生态学为基础,系统考虑寄主树木、虫害源和环境条件三者在生态系统中的相互关系进行有害生物综合防治,是我国目前倡导和发展的趋势。研究从综合治理角度出发,利用“生物导弹”防治鳞翅目害虫,2005年6月下旬在新疆克拉玛依市农业开发区用“生物导弹”对杨二尾舟蛾(Cerura mencianaMoore)进行防治试验,试验面积为533.3 hm2(8 000余亩)。防治效果最高为100%,最低为64.2%,平均防治效果为86.1%,达到了综合治理的目的。