来自多方的声音：构建中国开放科学创新生态——第十届中国开放获取推介周（China OA Week）会议综述

[目标/意义]2021年第十届中国开放获取推介周(10th China OA Week)的主题为"开放科学的意义和影响",标志着中国最主要的开放获取平台主题正式转向开放科学,契合形势发展需要。[方法 /过程]本届会议邀请到国内外的多方专家与代表,分专题探讨开放科学目标、关键问题、实践案例并提出发展建议。[结果 /结论]会议呼吁构建中国开放创新生态,初步勾画出中国开放科学发展现状。响应国家提出的推动开放科学发展要求,China OA Week平台及其研讨成果将持续助力中国开放科学事业的推进。     

基于"互联网+"的自然资源利用监测模式研究

自然资源利用监测是保障自然资源保护、开发、利用、修复的重要内容,是维持自然资源安全的重点工作.传统监测模式存在更新频率慢、监测结果不准确、监测难度大等弊端,该研究依托"互联网+"技术,开展自然资源利用监测,提高监测的准确率及频率,并进行了自然资源利用变化的驱动力分析,为保障自然资源安全提供全新的监测手段.     

Neopestalotiopsis eucalypti,a causal agent of grapevine shoot rot in cutting nurseries in China

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop in the world, and China ranks first in the production of grapes with approximately 15% of the world's total yield. However, diseases that cause the death of grapevine shoots pose a severe threat to the production of grapes. In this study, the fungus Neopestalotiopsis eucalypti was identified as a causal pathogen of grapevine shoot rot based on the morphology of conidia and a phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis was performed with three isolates based on the combined sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (Tef) and the β-tubulin (Tub2) genes. The three isolates were all identified as N. eucalypti. Pathogenicity tests of the three fungal isolates were conducted on grapevines shoots in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that all three fungal isolates caused severe rot lesions on the inoculated grapevine shoots, and N. eucalypti was re-isolated from the inoculated grapevine shoots. Therefore, N. eucalypti was confirmed as a causal agent of the grapevine shoot rot. This is the first report of N. eucalypti causing grapevine shoot disease in China.     

Tissue-specific expression of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 in BALB/c mice

Activation of the innate immune system requires recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as NOD-like receptors. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, and subsequent inflammatory responses. NLRP3 inflammasome plays important roles in the inflammatory and innate immune responses associated with autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome. However, analysis of the tissue distribution and expression profiles in BALB/c mice is still incomplete. In this study, we investigated the tissue distribution and expression pattern of NLRP3 in BALB/c mice to further elucidate its function in innate immunity in this commonly used laboratory animal model. NLRP3 mRNA expression levels and tissue distribution of the protein were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, respectively. NLRP3 mRNA expression was higher in the kidney and inguinal lymph nodes than in other tissues. Cytoplasmic expression of NLRP3 was detected in the epithelial reticular cells of the spleen and thymus, lymphocytes in the inguinal lymph nodes, cardiac muscle cells, cerebral cortex neurons, alveolar macrophages, renal tubule cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The results of this study will assist investigators in interpreting site-specific functions and roles of NLRP3 in inflammatory responses.     

远洋捕捞渔船电子监控视频文字信息提取

计算机图像处理技术发展迅速,基于OCR(Optical Character Recognition)的图像文字提取得到广泛应用。在远洋渔业捕捞中,EMS(Electronic Monitoring System)逐渐开始使用,视频中文字信息提取是系统的重要功能之一。通过左右舷、前甲板、后甲板安装的4个摄像头,获取渔船作业的视频影像,再利用jTessBoxEditor软件生成图片样本,人工添加文字标签,然后通过tesseract软件训练标注的样本,制作traineddata字库,最后用Python编程提取远洋捕捞渔船监控视频中的时间、位置、航速、航向等信息,提取的960条记录,经与原图片对比全部正确,提取的文字信息可为视频存档和渔业管理提供参考。     

风沙土不同用量有机酸土壤调理剂应用效果综合评价

针对西北风沙土保水保肥能力差的问题,通过盆栽试验研究4个不同的有机酸土壤调理剂用量(0、20、40、60 g/kg)对西北障碍性土壤风沙土的水肥状况以及种植箭筈豌豆和玉米出苗率的影响,应用方差分析和主成分分析进行综合评价,为合理利用有机酸土壤调理剂改良风沙土理化性状提供理论基础。结果表明:施用有机酸土壤调理剂可以显著提高风沙土中有效态及全量氮、磷、钾养分含量以及有效养分占比。60 g/kg有机酸调理剂用量下种植箭筈豌豆和玉米,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量较未施用处理分别提高167.01%、300.25%、74.32%和70.00%、212.84%、108.28%。作物生长期内水分蒸发散失量随着土壤调理剂用量的提升不断降低。调理剂用量60 g/kg时,种植箭筈豌豆和玉米的水分蒸发散失量较未施用调理剂处理分别显著下降22.43%和32.42%。但两种作物出苗率均随调理剂用量的提高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且在调理剂用量为20 g/kg时达到峰值。土壤盐分测定结果也显示除钾、钙、镁离子等有益元素外,钠离子和氯离子也随着调理剂用量的提升显著提高,但全盐含量差异不显著。利用主成分分析对15个指标进行综合分析,结果表明随着有机酸土壤调理剂用量的提升,综合评分不断提高。因此,风沙土上调理剂的最佳用量为60 g/kg。     

PBL模式在兽医影像学课程教学中的应用——以“骨折影像学诊断”教学为例

以扬州大学兽医学院2009和2010级选修兽医影像学课程的学生为研究对象,研究问题引导式教学法在该课程“骨折影像学诊断”教学中的应用效果.结果表明,与基于讲义的教学模式（LBL）相比,采用问题引导式教学方法（PBL）,可显著提高学生的卷面考试成绩、读片考试成绩和病历书写成绩,有助于调动学生的学习积极性,加强学生对知识的掌握程度,提高学生的自主学习能力.     

蓖麻的发展与栽培

蓖麻的种植和利用历史已经有1400多年。如今蓖麻及其相关产品的发展也日新月异,蓖麻产业有着极大的发展前景。因而,蓖麻产业的发展特色及蓖麻的种植技术急需普及。     

华南厚皮香扦插育苗技术研究

本试验进行了华南厚皮香不同扦插时间,不同激素浓度及处理时间,不同扦插方式,不同扦插基质的技术研究。结果表明：3月扦插成活率最高,采用ABT 6号生根粉150 mg/kg浓度处理2 h能明显提高扦插成活率,容器袋扦插可大大提高扦插成活率,两种扦插基质对扦插成活率的影响差异不大。