Dredging fundamentally reshapes the ecological significance of 3D terrain features for fish in estuarine seascapes

Landscape Ecology - Landscape modification alters the condition of ecosystems and the structure of terrain, with widespread impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Seafloor dredging...     

Occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson reared in sea-water

Abstract. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is reported for the first time in sea-water cultured rainbow trout. Heavy mortalities with typical signs and lesions A VHS virus (serotype 1) was isolated from the diseased fish. The mortalities were caused only by the VHS virus and 80 days post transfer of trout to sea-water the mortalities reached 85%, of the initial population.
The disease was experimentally transmitted to rainbow trout, both in sea-water 3·10⁴ pfu/ml of virus or by intramuscular injection of various doses of VHS₁ (7·10¹ 7·10⁴ or 7·10⁴ pfu per fish). Death occurred in all infected groups and started earlier in sea-water. Typical signs of VHS were observed in moribund fish. Viral multiplication was demonstrated to have occurred in fish organs.     

Effect of feed intake on antimicrobially induced increases in porcine serum insulin-like growth factor I

This study was conducted to determine whether an antimicrobially induced (ASP-250) increase in serum IGF-I was the result of differences in feed intake. Serum IGF-I concentrations were measured in crossbred pigs that were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with ASP-250 either for ad libitum consumption or limited to 85% of the control pigs' consumption. The pigs that consumed either diet ad libitum, control or ASP-250, consumed similar quantities of feed. The ASP-250 ad libitum-intake pigs had serum IGF-I concentrations that were greater (P<.01) than those of their ad libitum-intake control littermates. Similarly, the ASP-250 limit-fed pigs had serum IGF-I concentrations that were greater (P<.01) than those of the controls. Although the serum IGF-I concentrations of pigs fed the ASP-250-supplemented diet for ad libitum intake were greater than the serum IGF-I concentrations of the pigs limit-fed the ASP-250-supplemented diet, the differences were not significant (P<.08). The ASP-250-fed pigs had higher serum IGF binding protein (BP)-3 concentrations than did their control littermates (P<.003). A time course of antimicrobially induced alterations in serum IGF-I concentrations revealed that the effect of increased serum IGF-I levels in ASP-250-supplemented pigs (P<.02) was observed within 4 d and was maintained throughout the 4-wk study. These findings show that feed intake is not responsible for the increase in serum IGF-I observed with ASP-250 supplementation. Additionally, the antimicrobially induced increase in serum IGF-I concentrations occurs within a few days after initiation of the treatment.     

牧草干燥太阳能聚焦吸收器机理分析与优化

目前太阳能干燥设备是以非聚焦板式空气集热器为关键工作部件,其干燥效率和生产率均较低。为此,研究了太阳能聚焦吸收器的黑腔功能,利用该功能减少聚焦光线对外二次辐射和能量损失。设计4种结构类型的太阳能聚焦吸收器,进行了性能机理研究和对比分析,其中三角形聚焦吸收器呈现出良好的黑腔效果。进一步对三角形聚焦吸收装置进行优化,得出吸收器内腔深度在4 cm左右时性能最佳。对4种吸收器进行了试验测试,结果表明,三角形优于圆弧形,圆弧形优于方形,性能最差的是半圆形。吸收器开口宽度为5 cm时的黑腔效果低于开口宽度为3 cm时的效果。盖板形状对吸收器性能产生影响,平板优于圆形,V形最差。     

A Case of Bovine Linear Keratosis

Résumé— Cet article décrit un cas de nevus épidermique linéaire unilatéral chez un veau de six mois. Histologiquement, les lésions consistaient en une alternance de zones d'hiper et de parakératose avec une inflammation dermique distincte. Le diagnostic de nevus linéaire inflammatoire a été posé sur la base des lésions macro et microscopiques. [Deprez, P., De Coole, H., Sustronk, B., Muille, E., Ducatelle, R. A case of bovine linear keratosis (A propos d'un cas de kératose linéaire chez un bovin).
Resumen— En este artículo se describe un caso de nevos epidérmicos lineares unilaterales en un bo vino de seis meses de edad. Las lesiones histológicas consistian zonas donde se alternaba hiper i paraqueratosis, mientras que la dermis presentaba una marcada inflamación. Se diagnosticó un nevo epidérmico verrucoso linear e inflamatorio a partir de las lesiones clinicas e histopatológicas [A case of bovine linear keratosis (Un caso de queratosis linear bovina).
Abstract— This report describes a case of unilateral linear epidermal nevi in a 6-month-old bovine. Histologicalli, the lesions consisted of alternating areas of hiper- and parakeratosis with a distinct dermal inflammation. A diagnosis of inflammatori linear verrucous epidermal nevus was made based on the clinical and histopathological lesions.     

A genetic description of two selected strains of rabbits

Two strains of rabbits (strains 1077 and 2066) have been selected since 1974 for increased litter size. Each strain is split into a fixed number of reproduction groups. The mating scheme is similar to random non-sib herd mating. The number of animals per generation is higher in strain 1077 (28 mated bucks and 104 mated does) than in strain 2066 (17 and 59, respectively). The increase of the inbreeding coefficient is higher in strain 2066 than in strain 1077 (27 and 21%, respectively, at generation 20). The mean standard deviation of the individual inbreeding coefficients per generation is low (less than 4%) in both strains. Short-term inbreeding is stable over generations. The observed inbreeding effective size Ne _f and the observed familial structure effective size Ne _h converge to the same value. The number of founder genomes still present in the genetic pool of the generation decreases regularly: from 5.6 to 2.4 between G6 and G20 for strain 1077. It is a bit lower over time for strain 2066 (from 5.7 to 1.9 between G6 and G20). The effective number of founders is nearly twice as small as the total number: 30 for strain 1077 and 15 for strain 2066. The effective number of major ancestors decreases slightly in strain 1077 (13.6 in G6 and 12.9 in G20) and regularly in strain 2066 (13.8 in G6 and 9.4 in G20).     

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in the cow

Phenylbutazone was administered orally and intravenously at a dose of 5 mg/kg to healthy cows and to cows positive for bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability were investigated. No differences were seen in the parameters between the healthy and BLV positive animals. The biological half-lives ranged from 31.4 to 82.1 h after intravenous administration and from 38.6 to 78.2 h after oral administration. The mean value of the apparent volume of distribution was 0.09 litres/kg. Total body clearance ranged from 0.78 to 1.94 ml/kg/h. The average systemic availability was 67.5% with a wide variation among the animals (range 41.9–95.5%). Based on the disposition kinetics and on the therapeutic concentration range suggested in man, an oral loading dose ranging from 10 to 20 mg/kg and a daily maintenance dose ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg/kg can be proposed.