In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in Straws and a Short Gamete Coincubation Time Improves the Efficiency of Porcine IVF

The present study was designed to evaluate three different in vitro fertilization (IVF) systems: a straw‐IVF system with 10 min of coincubation, a straw‐IVF system with 6‐h coincubation and the microdrop‐IVF system with 6‐h coincubation (the traditional IVF system used routinely in most of IVF laboratories) in an attempt to reduce polyspermic penetration ( Experiment 1 ). When the straw‐IVF system was tested in combination with two coincubation times, the use of 10 min of coincubation significantly increased (p < 0.001) the penetration rate and the efficiency of fertilization (67.7 ± 6.4% vs 31.9 ± 6.5% and 41.5 ± 2.5% vs 17.6 ± 2.5% for 10 min and 6 h, respectively), while there were no significant differences in the incidence of monospermy between both systems (64.3 ± 5.1% and 67.7 ± 3.4%, for 10 min and 6 h, respectively). The penetration rate in the 6‐h microdrop‐IVF system was higher (93.8 ± 3.6%; p < 0.001) compared with the 10‐min straw‐IVF system (67.7 ± 6.4%), however, monospermy was severely reduced (25.0 ± 4.3% vs 67.7 ± 3.4%, for the 6‐h microdrop‐IVF system and 10‐min straw‐IVF system, respectively). The efficiency of the IVF showed similar values between microdrop and 6‐h straw‐IVF systems, but efficiency was significantly improved (p < 0.05) when the 10‐min straw‐IVF system was used. Experiment 2 was designed to compare porcine in vitro embryo production in two IVF systems, the 6‐h microdrop‐IVF system (1000 sperm per oocyte) and 10‐min straw‐IVF system (30 000 sperm per oocyte). The blastocyst formation rates tended (p = 0.06) to be higher when the 10‐min straw‐IVF system was used compared with the 6‐h microdrop‐IVF system. In addition, the number of total cells per blastocyst increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 10‐min straw‐IVF system. These results showed that the 10‐min straw‐IVF system is an effective way to decrease polyspermic penetration, and improve the efficiency of fertilization and the quality of blastocysts in terms of cell number per embryo.     

春兰菌根的显微结构观察

应用石蜡切片法,借助于光学显微镜观察春兰无菌组培苗、接菌组培苗的根及野生状态下的新生营养根、老根,结果表明:接菌组培苗的根及野生状态下的新生营养根、老根,其皮层组织细胞内有大量的菌丝结等兰科菌根的典型结构,而无菌组培苗的根则无菌丝、菌丝结等结构。菌根真菌自外皮层薄壁通道细胞侵入根的皮层细胞,春兰菌根是典型的地生兰菌根。     

一株白僵菌的分离鉴定及其对微小牛蜱的致病力试验

为了得到用于防控微小牛蜱的高毒力菌株,本试验从野外微小牛蜱饱血雌蜱体表分离出一株白僵菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行了鉴定,确认该分离株为球孢白僵菌.致病力研究表明,当孢子浓度达到108孢子/mL,该菌株对微小牛蜱饱血成蜱的致死率即可达到100%,为微小牛蜱的生物防控试剂的研究及应用奠定了基础.     

干旱胁迫条件下不同抗旱性苹果砧木内源激素含量的变化

以抗旱性差异显著的两种苹果砧木楸子(Malus prunifolia)和平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Reld)为材料,研究了干旱胁迫对两种砧木根和叶中脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GAs)和玉米素核苷(ZR)含量的影响.结果表明:干旱胁迫下,与非抗旱砧木平邑甜茶相比,抗旱砧木楸子中抑制生长...     

北京地区规模化奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻病血清学调查

对北京郊区6个未进行牛病毒性腹泻病（BVD）免疫牛场的546份奶牛血清样品,使用牛病毒性腹泻抗体ELISA试剂盒进行检测,并对其中3个牛群进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）血清抗原筛查。共检出阳性血清514份,总阳性率94.1%,其中5个牛场的场内血清抗体阳性率在95%以上。牛病毒性腹泻持续性感染牛（PI牛）筛查的3个牛群均有阳性牛检出。结果表明,北京地区规模化奶牛场存在牛病毒性腹泻感染和接触史,应采取净化措施进行控制。     

Follicular Dynamics in Heifers during Pre-pubertal and Pubertal Period Kept under Two Levels of Dietary Energy Intake

The objective of this study was to characterize follicular dynamics in pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal periods, as well as the effect of high-energy intake on follicular development and age at puberty in heifers. Thirty-one Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers, 6 months old, were randomly assigned to receive two different diets: one of low (GI) and other of high dietary energy intake (GII). Animals were evaluated in relation to body weight gain by being weighed every 21 days. Heifers were evaluated every other day by real-time linear ultrasonography to characterize ovarian structures development from weaning to post-pubertal period. Blood samples were collected to determine plasmatic concentrations of progesterone by RIA method. The ovulation was determined when progesterone concentrations were >1 ng/mL in three consecutive samples, and by ultrasound images of corpus luteum; and oestrous behaviour in some animals. Age at puberty differed among heifers of GII (17.00 +/- 0.46 months) compared with heifers of GI (19.87 +/- 0.47 months; p < or = 0.05). Maximum size of the dominant follicles at pre-pubertal period was greater in GII heifers than in GI (10.52 +/- 0.33 and 9.76 +/- 0.15 mm, respectively; p < or = 0.05). As heifers approached first ovulation time, size of dominant follicle increased (11.75 +/- 0.37 mm for GI and 12.52 +/- 0.91 mm for GII; p < or = 0.05). Body weight at puberty was not different in both groups (302.33 +/- 27.31 kg for GI and 326.19 +/- 27.78 kg for GII heifers; p > 0.05). We conclude that animals receiving high dietary energy intake attained the puberty earlier and the development of follicles were different than in low dietary energy intake.     

生物菌肥和钾肥配施对苹果钾素吸收及果实品质的影响

为了研究生物菌肥和钾肥对苹果果实品质及生长发育的协同作用,以7 a生'瓦里短枝'(Vallee spur Del)为研究对象,设置T1(K2O 420 kg·hm-2)、T2(生物菌肥2520 kg·hm-2)、T3(生物菌肥2520 kg·hm-2+K2O 294 kg·hm-2)、T4(生物菌肥2520 kg·hm...     

毛乌素沙地草地畜牧业经营模式的开发与示范

根据盐池县毛乌素沙地自然特点,坚持以发展种植业、畜牧业为主线,以科技创新为动力,开发出5种毛乌素沙地草地畜牧业经营模式并进行示范,以扩宽增加农民经济收入渠道,促进区域经济的发展,实现生态环境、经济、社会的协调发展。     

河南省小麦肉鸡代谢能预测方程的建立

本试验采用化学分析和肉鸡代谢试验建立了河南省小麦养分含量与代谢能的回归方程。试验1:选取河南省11种不同的成熟小麦,测定概略养分含量和容重,分析养分含量变化范围。试验2:用小麦、次粉、麸皮、面粉按照总戊聚糖含量梯度配制人工小麦,再添加一定量的维生素和矿物质,配制成人工小麦代谢饲粮。选取常规饲养的商品代罗斯308雄性白羽肉鸡进行代谢试验,分别在11~13日龄和25~27日龄,用全收粪法测定人工小麦代谢饲粮的表观代谢能(AME)、真代谢能(TME)、氮校正表观代谢能(AMEn)和氮校正真代谢能(TMEn),并采用逐步回归法建立AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn的回归方程。结果表明:1)河南省小麦粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)及总磷(TP)含量的变异系数相对较大,分别为16.67%、15.84%、14.96%、19.32%。2)肉鸡对人工小麦代谢饲粮的养分表观代谢率在11~13日龄和25~27日龄存在差异,25~27日龄肉鸡对人工小麦代谢饲粮ADF、粗纤维(CF)的表观代谢率高于11~13日龄,AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn也高于11~13日龄。3)采用逐步回归法建立河南省小麦肉鸡代谢能的预测方程为:11~13日龄,AME=14.628-0.184NDF(R2=0.842,P<0.01),TME=15.49-0.197NDF(R2=0.854,P<0.01),AMEn=14.571-0.184NDF(R2=0.847,P<0.01),TMEn=15.49-0.197NDF(R2=0.854,P<0.01);25~27日龄,AME=15.462-0.217NDF(R2=0.797,P<0.01),TME=16.124-0.214NDF(R2=0.809,P<0.01),AMEn=15.179-0.208NDF(R2=0.801,P<0.01),TMEn=16.123-0.214NDF(R2=0.809,P<0.01)。4)通过预测方程计算所得人工小麦代谢饲粮AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn的预测值与实测值很接近,计算所得的河南省小麦AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn符合预期值。由此得出,不同品种河南省小麦之间EE、NDF、ADF及TP的含量差异相对较大;不同日龄阶段的肉鸡对小麦代谢能存在差异,设计肉鸡饲粮配方时,不同阶段饲粮代谢能应采用对应的代谢能值;低于14日龄的肉鸡,预测方程为AME=14.628-0.184NDF,TME=15.49-0.197NDF,AMEn=14.571-0.184NDF,TMEn=15.49-0.197NDF;14日龄以上的肉鸡,预测方程为AME=15.462-0.217NDF,TME=16.124-0.214NDF,AMEn=15.179-0.208NDF,TMEn=16.123-0.214NDF。