国内外农民相对集中居住的引导经验

研究在充分分析韩国、日本等国家以及中国的苏州、上海等地区在引导农民相对集中居住相关实践的基础上,总结了其成功的经验,概括了引导农民相对集中居住的重要前提、基本理念、核心基础、直接动力等成功经验。     

Caterpillar G3412型燃气发电机排障实践

介绍了Caterpillar G3412型燃气发电机的基本工作原理,分析了涩宁兰输气管道涩北首站该型燃气发电机拉缸的故障情况。通过更换2号缸的缸桶、活塞、气环和油环,以及高压线圈、O形圈、火花塞、水湿传感器等附件,使发电机故障得以排除,同时提出了发电机组日常运行的维护方法。     

Iron and zinc accumulation in winter wheat regulated by NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE responded to increasing nitrogen levels

Nitrogen (N) is critical for micronutrient biofortification in wheat grain and is essential for a series of nitrogenous compounds biosynthesis. This study aims to assess the role of improved N supply in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) enrichment and expression of genes related to Zn and Fe chelation and transport in winter wheat. Potting and hydroponic culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of increasing N application on Zn and Fe uptake and translocation from roots to leaves and the temporal and spatial gene expression profiles of the NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (NAS) genes in wheat. Plants were grown with low, medium and high N supply levels. The results showed that higher N application increased Fe and Zn content in leaves, and decreased Fe and Zn content in root compared with the lower N supply. High N application also increased the distribution of Fe and Zn from roots to leaves. Expression analysis showed that increased N application resulted in up-regulation of two wheat NAS genes, TaNAS1 and TaNAS2. Highly positive response between NAS genes and increasing N application indicated that abundance nicotianamine (NA) resulted from highly expressed NAS genes might involve in the chelation of Fe and Zn in the phloem and favor Fe and Zn uptake and accumulation in wheat leaves.     

Rhizosphere calcareous soil P-extraction at the expense of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids induced by phosphorus deficiency in several plant species

The amount of organic acids in root exudates rapidly increases under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Loss of carbon from root-exuded organic acids, which are derived from plant net photosynthetic products, is generally considered negligible. The present study aimed to study the characteristics of root-exuded organic acids, extraction of phosphorus (P extraction) in calcareous soil and the expression of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids in two woody Moraceae plants (Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent and Morus alba L.) and two herbaceous cruciferous plants (Orychophragmus violaceus L. Schulz and Brassica napus L.) under two P levels (P-normal and P-deficient). P extraction and the amount of root-exuded organic acids simultaneously and disproportionately increased in the four plant species tested under P deficiency. The maximum P-extracting capability of the four plant species was observed after 40 days of treatment. Additionally, the response of root-exuded organic acids induced by P deficiency was species-specific. B. papyrifera extracted more P in calcareous soil, and expended less organic acid for the same P-extraction than M. alba. Similarly, O. violaceus extracted more P in calcareous soil, and consumed less organic acid for the same level of P-extraction than B. napus. Root-exuded oxalic and malic acids accounted for most of the increment of P extraction in woody Moraceae plants, while root-exuded citric acid accounted for most of the increment in P extraction in herbaceous cruciferous plants. B. papyrifera and O. violaceus exhibited the strongest P-extracting capability at lower expense of organic carbon over the treatment duration in the four plant species. O. violaceus had the most rapid response of root-exuded organic acids to P deficiency, while B. napus had the slowest response. Thus, rapid response with low organic carbon cost and high efficiency of extraction on P in calcareous soil may underlie the strong adaptability of B. papyrifera and O. violaceus to a Karst environment.     

ADAMS虚拟实验在收获机滚筒动平衡中的应用

为了分析收获机滚筒动平衡引起的振动问题,在现场动平衡实验的基础上,结合理论分析,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立了收获机滚筒的力学仿真模型,平衡后滚筒达到动平衡品质标准,从而为滚筒动平衡问题研究提供了一种新的方法,提高了计算精度和设计效率。     

基于WebGIS的多目标森林经营决策系统的研究和实现

在综合分析已经建立的森林经营系统的优缺点之后,以J2EE平台技术为基础,利用WebGIS技术,并结合矩阵模型和多目标经营模型对森林经营决策系统进行了研究和实现.基于WebGIS的多目标森林经营决策系统,实现了相关信息专题表达、查询、统计等功能,并通过矩阵模型和多个经营目标分析得出由各种树种的木材收获量、林木大小多样性、树种多样性和树种优势度指标组成的采伐方案.     

4种豆科牧草种子对绵羊消化道作用的反应

以4种野生豆科牧草苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)、线叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhizae glabrae)、罗马苜蓿(Medicago romanica)种子为研究对象,测定各种子在绵羊消化道作用前后的形态、生物学特性变化以及在绵羊消化道内的运移和排放规律。结果表明,4种种子排放过程均符合高斯模型,且苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草排放峰值均出现在饲喂后24~36h,罗马苜蓿种子排放峰值则出现在18~30h。苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草和罗马苜蓿种子总回收率分别为14.513%、4.463%、10.811%、4.608%,在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间分别为36.3、29.6、31.2和31.9h。除苦豆子外,其它3种植物种子在经过消化道后单粒重显著降低(P0.05),4种种子消化后的形状指数较经过消化道前显著减小。经过绵羊消化道后种皮颜色加深,纹理模糊,出现褶皱及明显侵蚀斑。与经过消化道前比较,4种植物种子经过消化道后的发芽率均有显著提高,其中发芽率提高效果最明显的时间段在消化24~48h后。消化道作用可有效打破苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草、罗马苜蓿种子的硬实,4种植物种子均可通过绵羊消化道传播。     

稻草与氨化稻草干物质采食量的模型化研究

本研究分别以稻草、氨化稻草为唯一能量和蛋白质来源,实测了山羊稻草、氨化稻草的干物质采食量(DMI),并借鉴现有成熟模型,建立了以稻草、氨化稻草的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)为预测因子的干物质采食量预测模型:DMI稻(g/d.kgMW)=30/NDF(%DM),DMI氨稻(g/d.kgMW)=39/NDF(%DM)。经验证,稻草、氨化稻草DMI预测模型的平均偏差(MD)分别为0.48g/d.kgMW与0.85g/d.kgMW,相应的平均预测方差(MSPE)为0.3599与1.0124。稻草与氨化稻草的MD、MSPE均很低,表明所建DMI预测模型精确可用。     

不同切割酸度对奶豆腐品质影响研究

研究不同切割酸度对奶豆腐品质的影响,以确定其最佳切割酸度。采用单因素试验设计,切割酸度分别为45°T～50°T、55°T～60°T、65°T～70°T、75°T～80°T、85°T～90°T。在其他工艺条件相同的情况下,分别加工一批奶豆腐,然后测定奶豆腐的性能指标。结果表明,随着切割酸度的增加,奶豆腐的感官评定值先增加,然后逐渐降低;奶豆腐的pH4.6可溶性氮含量、质量分数12%TCA可溶性氮和游离氨基酸总量都逐渐增加;而pH值和水分含量逐渐降低。以感官评定值为主指标,结合其他性能指标,确定切割酸度为65°T～70°T。     

多穗型青贮玉米科多8号制种技术比较

科多8号是中国科学院遗传研究所选育的青饲青贮玉米专用品种,深受北方农牧市场的欢迎。但由于制种生产比较效益较低等原因,群众没有制种积极性。文章结合多年来制种工作的经验和近年进行的一些试验研究,从播种期、父母本安排、去雄方法等方面进行深入研究探讨,并提出高效制种模式。