上海优质粳稻产业现状及高质量发展对策

总结了上海优质粳稻产业发展现状,分析了产业发展中存在的问题,提出了相应对策。具体对策为：进一步优化茬口布局,推进用养结合型稻田农作制;实现优质水稻品种创新和绿色生产关键技术提升;以智慧农业为引领,积极推进现代农机农艺应用,提升绿色水稻产能水平;实施地产稻米品牌战略,促进提质增效。     

日粮中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对猪生产性能的影响

分别以脱酚棉籽蛋白替代生长猪日粮中50%和100%的豆粕,再辅以人工合成的氨基酸平衡生长猪日粮氨基酸,饲喂生长猪47 d,试验结果显示,脱酚棉籽蛋白在配合饲料中的用量可达21.5%,不影响日粮的适口性,不影响猪的正常生长,而且猪在20~40 kg体重阶段取得了平均日增重560 g,料肉比2.33∶1的饲养效果。试验猪对脱酚棉籽蛋白的消化吸收和利用情况良好,取得了与优质豆粕相似的生长效果。     

扬稻系列杂交籼稻特性、系谱、育种方法和推广应用

通过对15个扬稻系列杂交籼稻特性、恢复系系谱组成、育种方法和推广应用的综合分析,阐明了选育的基本经验:确立“瞄准需求、总体布局、重点突破、抢占高点、缓急有序、推出品种”的育种策略,运用综合育种方法,不断推出适用品种。注重籼粳亚种优势利用,恢复系系谱骨干亲本集中,80%融入广亲和材料02428的血缘。采用“优势叠加”与“搭梯上楼”的育种途径,提高综合性能。根据“个体看匀称、群体看协调、机能看熟相”的多年育种经验,建立了较为完善的育种程序。同时强化知识产权保护,规范种子市场秩序,健全成果转化体系。     

薯蓣内生真菌的分离及其抑制植物病原真菌的活性

从盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright)各部位共分离到50株内生真菌,初步鉴定有19株分属于曲霉属(Aspergillus Micheli ex Fr.)、须壳霉属(Pyrenochaetade Not)、刺孢壳属(Chaetomella Fuckel)、侧孢霉属(Sporotrichum Lk.ex Fr.)、棒束梗霉属(Isaria Pers.ex Fr.)、假黑粉霉属(Coniosporium Lk.ex Fr.)和简梗孢霉属(Chromosporium Corda),其余菌株因不产孢而暂未鉴定。利用生长速率法和孢子萌发法检测到分离于根茎的EDT3、EDT4、EDT5和分离于种子的EDS1、EDS3、EDS4等6株菌株的发酵液对棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliaeKleb.)等6种植物病原真菌的菌丝生长有抑制作用,其中EDS3和EDS4发酵液的混合液E-y对这6种植物病原真菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有较强的抑制作用。     

Comparing surface erosion processes in four soils from the Loess Plateau under extreme rainfall events

This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h⁻¹) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau.     

猪伪狂犬病油乳剂灭活疫苗的制备及安全性与免疫性试验

用本室分离鉴定的猪伪狂犬病毒鄂A经毒株接种仓鼠肾细胞（BHK－21）,制备病毒抗原液，毒价不低于10^-6TCID50/0.1ml。经一定浓度的甲醛溶液灭活后与油相佐剂乳化研制成油乳剂灭活油疫苗4批。本研究对该制品的安全性、免疫性进行了测定。对18g左右小白鼠接种0.3ml，初生仔猪、断奶仔猪及妊娠母猪加倍剂量注射，均未出现不良反应，安全性良好。对母猪的繁殖性能不产生影响。后备母猪及妊娠母清中和抗体指数于免疫后21d达到316以上，间隔35d加强免疫一次后，中和抗体指数可达1000以上。断奶仔猪及初生仔猪免疫后对强毒的攻击，保护率分别为100％及90.62％。     

家蚕微孢子虫N.bombycis分离纯化方法的优化

对家蚕微孢子虫的分离纯化条件进行了探索。微孢子虫的分离，采用差速离心法或自然沉降法的效果均可。蔗糖平衡密度离心法的较优条件为50％－60％的蔗糖连续梯度、23000rpm离心30min,而Percoll法的最佳条件为25％、50％、75％和100％的Percoll不连续梯度、17500rpm离心20min；两种纯化方法相比较，Percoll法的效果为好。     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

揭开中国缉毒犬训练使用的神秘面纱

阅读提示:"6.26"国际禁毒日前后,媒体有关缉毒犬的报道让读者领略了这一神秘武器的风采。不少读者向本刊反映,很想进一步了解中国缉毒犬训练使用的幕后故事,为飨读者,本刊专门采写了下文。     

用PCR检测副溶血性弧菌耐热溶血素基因

根据副溶血性弧菌的耐热溶血素基因（ｔｄｈ）设计了２对引物，经聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）检测，所有１８株神奈川试验阳性副溶血性弧菌均呈阳性反应，而６株神奈川试验阴性副溶血性弧菌呈阴性反应，其他９种（３４株）弧菌和８株其他革兰氏阴性菌也呈阴性反应。检测敏感性可达２ＣＦＵ的副溶血性弧菌。