Ameliorative effect of potassium on mice and tomato subjected to sodium salinization

Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Yamabiko) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Saturn) plants subjected to Na-salinization (NA: 80 mmol( + ) kg^-1 Na) in hydroponics were grown after the addition of K at five concentrations (K1: 10, K2: 20, K3: 30, K4: 40, K5: 50 mmol( + ) kg^-1). The effect of K on their growth was analyzed in terms of transpiration, cation uptake, and transport. A similar tendency for the above parameters was obtained in both species. The addition of 10 mmol( + ) kg^-1 K improved the growth by decreasing the content of Na and increasing the K content of the plants. The growth of the plants, however, was reduced along with the increase of the K concentration and became comparable to that of NA at K5. The total cation content increased with the increase of the K concentration, which was due to the increase of the K content.

A close relationship was observed among the osmotic potential of the solution, cumulative transpiration, and dry weight for both species among the K treatments.

Addition of K suppressed the uptake of other cations by rice and tomato in the order of Na>Mg>Ca, with a very small suppression for Ca and Mg. The depression of Na uptake by K could be due to the antagonism between the two cations.

In rice, the addition of K resulted in a decrease of the uptake concentration (UC) of Na and an increase of that of K, but did not bring about any changes in the UC of Ca and Mg. It was worth noting that K1 and K2 led to a higher UC of Na than NA in tomato, while the trend of the UC of K, Ca, and Mg was similar to that in rice. The transport of Na and Ca to the tops of rice was not affected by the addition of K, while that of Mg increased by K addition. In tomato, the transport of all the cations was promoted by the increase of the K concentration.     

早显性水稻三系不育系乐3A的选育

乐3A是用IR超级稻与金23B杂交F3代的优良单株与矮败型不育系协青早A测交,并经多代回交转育而成的籼稻三系不育系.该不育系配合力强,异交习性好,且具有早熟不完全显性的特点.配制的杂交组合优质,早熟,抗倒性强.2012年8月,该不育系通过了四川省农作物品种审定委员会技术鉴定,所配组合乐3优727、乐3优2275于201...     

群居型和散居型亚洲小车蝗成虫能量代谢相关酶活性测定

为明确亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus成虫飞行肌对其体内能源物质利用的情况,采用室内生化法测定能源物质代谢相关5种酶,即3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)、3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(glycerol-3-phosphate dehyd...     

浮游动物在生物操纵法除藻中的作用研究

采用室外现场实验和室内受控生态系统实验相结合的方法,研究了富营养化水体中浮游动物对藻类生长的控制作用。对浮游动物与藻类的计数与测量数据,利用SPSS统计软件进行了方差分析（LSD多重比较法）和相关性分析。实验结果显示,总磷含量比总氮含量对浮游动物生长的影响更大。浮游动物与藻类之间呈现显著或极显著相关关系,说明浮游动物群体,尤其甲壳类群体,在适当条件下对藻类群体以及其中的蓝藻有一定的控制作用。适当的鱼类密度下,浮游动物能够起有效的控藻作用,但鱼类密度过高会抑制该作用。底泥在生态系统中起重要作用,能够影响浮游动物对藻类的摄食力。     

地埋滴灌点源入渗土壤水分运动规律实验研究

通过室内砂土中进行地埋滴灌的实验,对地埋滴灌在砂土中的适应性进行初步研究,为田间试验布置提供依据。通过分析湿润锋的推移速率、特征点的土壤含水率变化规律,发现湿润锋推移速率先是径向大于垂向,随着灌水时间和灌水量增加,水平方向和垂向的湿润锋和含水率趋于平衡。根据对比滴灌带埋深15和20 cm特征点的含水率变化情况,得出埋深15 cm节水效果更好,更利于作物生长。实验还得出湿润比能作为滴灌灌水参数的指标,由于作物种植的间距和作物根系深度之比基本小于1.0,因此在田间实际灌溉中湿润比应控制在1.0左右。     

储藏物冷却机在高温高湿区高大平房仓的应用

选用功率较小的储藏物冷却机与负压通风相结合,对福建漳州地区的粮面压盖稻谷仓进行降温冷却,通过改变粮面压盖方式实现冷却的均匀性和彻底性.累计运行时间112.7 h,降温3.3℃,水分变化为0.1％,达到了保水降温的效果.运行期间的降温单位能耗为0.47 kW·h/℃·t,符合《谷物冷却机低温储粮技术规程》的规定,结束降温后粮面压盖延缓了粮温复温.     

陆地棉转录因子GhNAC78基因的特征及功能分析

本实验室从陆地棉中克隆得到GhNAC78,分析了其基因特征及功能。该基因cDNA全长为937 bp,开放阅读框为876bp,编码291个氨基酸,隶属于NAM转录因子亚家族。体外转录激活实验表明,GhNAC78具有转录激活活性。上游启动子区1537 bp序列的生物信息学分析可知其包含多种激素、胁迫和光响应元件,表明GhNAC78广泛地参与植物生长发育和胁迫响应的调控。荧光定量结果显示,GhNAC78在棉花叶片衰老过程中高调表达,推测其参与叶片衰老的调控。     

寒地早粳品种稻瘟病抗性与品质关系的研究

采用寒地早粳近5年参加黑龙江省区域试验和生产试验的131个品种,对稻瘟病抗性与品质诸性状的相关关系进行了研究,结果表明,寒地早粳水稻品种穗颈瘟抗性与水稻品种长宽比的相关系数为－0.1967,达到显著负相关;叶瘟、穗颈瘟抗性与水稻品种垩白大小呈显著正相关,平均相关系数分别为0.2026和0.1995;叶瘟、穗颈瘟抗性与垩白米率呈极显著正相关,平均相关系数分别为0.2276和0.2240;叶瘟、穗颈瘟抗性与垩白度除人工鉴定穗颈瘟外均呈显著正相关,叶瘟平均相关系数为0.1789,穗颈瘟平均相关系数为0.1630。叶瘟抗性与水稻品种蛋白质含量的相关系数平均为0.2159,达到显著负相关;稻瘟病抗性与水稻品种蒸煮品质、食味品质相关性因试验方法而不同,胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、食味在人工鉴定条件下存在着显著负相关性。因此,在寒地稻区选育优质、高抗稻瘟病的水稻新品种是完全可能的。     

歙县枇杷产业化的发展与对策

主要介绍了枇杷的生物学特性和营养价值、药用价值,在分析了歙县枇杷生产现状的基础上,指出了歙县枇杷产业化发展存在的问题,并提出了发展枇杷产业需要通过采取适度规模化生产、合理品种组成、加强产后服务、实现产品深加工和综合利用等对策。     

抗病优质大白菜“秋白70”的选育

优质、抗病的大白菜新品种——秋白70是利用天津青麻叶为母体，进行游离小孢子培养，并结合人工接种鉴定技术于2002年育成功。该品种长势旺，成熟期70d，株型较直立，株高48cm，开展度51cm，外叶8片，叶形长倒卵形，叶色深绿，叶面多皱，绿帮；叶球长筒形，颜色绿，叶球内叶颜色浅黄，心叶拧抱，舒心；叶球高44cm，直径14cm，单球重2.2kg左右，净菜率82.3%。品质优良，口味佳。较抗霜霉病和病毒病。平均产量10.8kg/m2。