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991.
992.
Effectiveness of selection for quality traits during the early stage in the potato breeding population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Potato cultivars resistant to cold‐temperature sweetening are of major importance to the processing industry producing both chips (crisps) and French fries. When most modern potato cultivars are maintained in cold storage to retard sprouting, the tubers accumulate reducing sugars, and the products become an unacceptable brown colour when fried. Selection for better processing quality during the early generations of a breeding programme could be of considerable advantage. Using a portable ‘sugarmeter’, which requires only a drop of sap from the tuber on a test strip, many samples can be efficiently surveyed for low sugar as early as the F1 generation. Using seedlings of three test crosses, glucose and specific gravity of field‐grown tubers, minitubers from greenhouses and microtubers from in vitro culture were compared after cold treatment. Although the mean glucose levels of minitubers and microtubers were higher than field‐grown tubers, the correlation between the glucose contents of the three types of tubers was fairly high. A considerable genetic improvement was noted when progenies were grown as minitubers or microtubers, even though the response to selection for low glucose levels in minitubers and microtubers was lower than from direct selection from field‐grown tubers. The specific gravity of field‐grown tubers showed a significant association with freshly harvested minitubers and microtubers. Selection for low glucose content in minitubers can therefore save considerable resources in a breeding programme. 相似文献
993.
生草栽培对柑桔丛枝茵根形成及果实品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验以枳砧锦橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck.)初结果树为试材。试验设4个处理,分别为柑桔园间作百喜草(Bahia grass)(Paspalum notaturn Flugge)、白三叶草(White clover)(Trifolium repens L.)、紫花苜蓿(Alfalfa)(Medicago sativa L.)和多年生黑麦草(Perennial ryegrass)(Lolium perenne L.),以清耕为对照。单行小区,随机区组排列,3次重复。结果表明,在干旱季节,所有生草处理区都显著改善了根际土壤水分和温度状况.而百喜草和白三叶草生草区土壤丛枝菌根真菌孢子数和柑桔根系菌根侵染率显著高于清耕区和其它生草区。表明在干旱季节.百喜草和白三叶草生草栽培促进了果园土壤丛枝菌根真菌的生长和柑桔根系菌根的形成,从而促进了柑桔根系对水分和磷素营养的吸收利用。试验结果表明果园管理中宜选择菌根侵染率高的草种如百喜草、白三叶草在柑桔园进行生草栽培,促进柑桔根系菌根形成,改善植株生理代谢,提高果品质量。 相似文献
994.
绿化屋顶在节能设计中以附加当量热阻增大屋顶总热阻值,有效减少由屋顶进入室内的热量,降低室内空气温度。但根据已有的实验研究,绿化屋顶隔热特性与室内气温是耦合关系,随室内气温的变化,绿化屋顶会呈现出不同的隔热特性。用实验测试与数值模拟相结合的方法,分析在不同室内气温下绿化屋顶、参照屋顶与等效保温屋顶内表面温度与热流的变化。结果表明:室内气温会显著改变绿化屋顶的隔热性能,其当量热阻为与室内温度正相关的变量。在被动式建筑中,绿化屋顶更能充分发挥隔热功效,且具有不向室内传热的特性。 相似文献
995.
[目的]揭示膜下滴灌(MG)、露地滴灌(DG)、沟灌(GA)、交替隔沟灌(JG)、漫灌(CK)5种灌溉方式对春玉米生长和产量的影响,筛选出适合榆林沙区的最有效的节水灌溉方式,为农业高效节水灌溉技术发展提供理论支持。[方法]基于2014年田间试验数据,运用统计分析和水分生产率计算方法。[结果](1)MG处理的春玉米植株生长发育状况优于其他灌溉方式。在各生育期,MG处理的春玉米株高、茎粗和叶片SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量)均高于DG,GA和JG,且显著高于CK(p0.05);(2)在整个生育期,MG处理的春玉米叶片光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均高于其他灌溉方式,且显著高于CK(p0.05);(3)MG处理的春玉米增产节水效果显著,其产量和水分生产率均显著高于其他处理(p0.05)。[结论]同其他4种灌溉方式相比,膜下滴灌是榆林沙区玉米生产中最有效的一种节水灌溉方式。 相似文献
996.
果-草人工生态系统中土壤微生物、土壤酶与土壤养分的关系 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
试验研究了果-草人工生态系统中土壤生物因子与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:除全P与纤维分解菌、纤维分解酶、多酚氧化酶为负相关外,其余养分与生物因子间均呈正相关,且多数养分与生物因子呈显著或极显著相关;经通径分析发现,脲酶、硅酸盐细菌、纤维分解酶是促进有机质积存的主要生物因素,蔗糖酶是影响N、P、K速效养分的最主要因子,过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、纤维分解菌只是选择性地对有机质的积存和N、P、K速效养分的形成起作用。 相似文献
997.
Silke Ruppel Vigdis Torsvik Frida Lise Daae Lise Øvreås Jörg Rühlmann 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(4):449-459
In this study, the interrelation between nitrogen availability and prokaryotic diversity are studied using a well-characterised
system from a long-term field experiment on a loamy sandy soil. The prokaryotic potential functional diversity and community
composition were assessed using community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), and their phylogenetic diversity was analysed
using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) in combination with sequencing analysis.
Highest prokaryotic potential functional diversity was measured in the control soil receiving no N fertilisation, indicating
an efficient as well as versatile utilisation of the substrates in this soil. Both substrate utilisation richness and substrate
utilisation evenness, the two constituents of the functional diversity, were decreased with increasing N supply. Furthermore,
distinct prokaryotic community compositions were generated in N-enriched soils compared to unfertilised control soils. These
differences suggest a dominance of populations adapted to utilising readily available substrates. We demonstrated that the
shift in prokaryotic functional diversity was connected to a shift in the phylogenetic structure of the bacterial and archaeal
communities. Taken together, our data clearly show that, for the sandy soil system, prokaryotic diversity and N availability
were interrelated. 相似文献
998.
Traugott J. Scheytt Petra Mersmann Elzbieta Rejman-Rasinski Anja These 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(2):75-84
Background, Aim and Scope
One of the first occurrences of pharmaceutically active compounds in groundwater was reported from the sewage irrigation farms
south of Berlin. At these sewage irrigation farms treated sewage effluent passed the soil and unsaturated zone before reaching
the aquifer. Clofibric acid was detected in pore water from soils of those sewage irrigation farms in concentrations between
65 ng/L and 1430 ng/L. The aim of this study was to investigate the transport behavior of regularly detected clofibric acid,
diclofenac, ibuprofen, and propyphenazone under conditions comparable to those at the sewage irrigation farms in a multiple
compound sand column laboratory experiment.
Materials and Methods
Sediment column experiments were conducted to study the transport of pharmaceuticals in the unsaturated zone. The migration
was measured in fine to medium grained sand and leaching solution containing 1 mg/L of pharmaceutically active compounds and
61 mg/L of the tracer lithium chloride (LiCl). For the analysis of the pharmaceutical compounds the water samples were adjusted
to a pH value of 2 and then extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Before extraction, the samples were spiked with a surrogate
standard for analytical quality control. The sample extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Depending on the sample volume (100 to 200 mL) and the matrix, the limits of detection
were between 1 and 10 ng/L, and the limits of quantitation were between 5 and 25 ng/L. Analysis for calcium, magnesium and
lithium were carried out using a 'Trace Scan' ICP-AES from Thermo Jarrel Ash. Sodium, potassium, iron and manganese were analyzed
using a Philips PU 9400 flame AAS. Analysis of anions was performed on a Dionex ion chromatograph DX 120.
Results
At the sewage irrigation farms the average concentrations of clofibric acid in the unsaturated zone declined from higher values
near ground surface (480 ng/L) to lower values near the groundwater table (65 ng/L). From the pharmaceuticals analyzed only
clofibric acid, primidone and propyphenazone could be analyzed in the first (upper) aquifer at the sewage irrigation farms.
All other pharmaceuticals could neither be detected in the first aquifer nor in the deeper aquifers. Breakthrough curves from
soil column experiments revealed no transformation and no retardation for clofibric acid, whereas transformation of diclofenac
was so high (79%) that no retardation factor could be calculated. Ibuprofen was significantly transformed (37%), transformation
of propyphenazone (17%) was quite low and retardation (Rf = 2.05) was in the range of previously conducted column experiments.
Discussion
The results confirm previously conducted experiments with clofibric acid where this compound was identified as highly mobile
and persistent. The results that diclofenac and ibuprofen are significantly transformed where unexpected as other studies
exhibited much lower transformation under saturated conditions at least for diclofenac. However, lower pH values and higher
oxygen contents in the unsaturated zone compared to the aquifer may explain this observed high transformation of these compounds
at the column experiments.
Conclusions
We conclude that irrigation with sewage effluent containing the compounds used in our experiments will lead to an input into
groundwater of clofibric acid, whereas diclofenac and ibuprofen will most likely be transformed during the passage. Propyphenazone
will be retarded but will most likely occur in groundwater. These results from the column experiments coincide very well with
the occurrence of the pharmaceuticals clofibric acid, primidone, and propyphenazone in the first aquifer.
Recommendations and Perspective :
The results underline the need to study the sorption of pharmaceuticals on various materials. e.g. organic matter, surfaces
at pH values occurring in the unsaturated zone. Future field studies will also include the investigation of desorption behavior
in the unsaturated zone. 相似文献
999.
1000.