区域土壤侵蚀定量评价中的坡长因子尺度变换方法

 区域土壤侵蚀研究中,坡度、坡长只能基于中低分辨率DEM提取,但提取的坡度发生衰减,坡长发生扩张。以陕西省延安市及周边地区为研究区,利用国家测绘局生产的1∶25万数字地形图和研究区内典型地区1∶5万数字地形图,在ANUDEM软件支持下,建立了研究区50m分辨率和典型地区10 m分辨率的水文地貌关系正确DEM,利用直方图匹配原理对50m分辨率DEM上提取的坡度、坡长进行变换,并对变换前后坡度、坡长对土壤侵蚀强度的影响进行了评价分析。结果表明,经变换后的坡度整体变陡,坡长整体变短,变换后坡长平均值和累积频率曲线与高分辨率(10m)坡长均较接近,且其空间格局基本保持不变。利用中国土壤流失方程计算坡度坡长均不变换、只对坡度变换、只对坡长变换和坡度坡长均变换4种情况下的土壤侵蚀强度研究结果表明,只对坡长变换时土壤侵蚀强度有所减小,而只对坡度变换和坡度、坡长均变换时土壤侵蚀强度增大,且前者增大幅度较大。说明坡度衰减比坡长扩张对土壤侵蚀评价结果的影响更大,在实际应用中有必要对坡度和坡长都进行变换,以期为土壤侵蚀定量评价提供更加准确的数据支持。     

葡萄品种浆果成熟期多样性及归类标准评价

对郑州葡萄圃内260个鲜食和153个酿酒品种的浆果成熟期进行了鉴定评价。在郑州地区,最早熟的葡萄种质材料早莎巴珍珠6月29日生理成熟,果实发育期48d;最晚熟的种质材料大宝10月12日成熟,果实发育期144d,在其间的103d时间里不断有成熟的葡萄品种,表现了丰富的多样性。酿酒葡萄的果实成熟期相对集中,大多数酿酒葡萄品种在8月中旬成熟,7月份和9月份成熟的葡萄品种所占的比例极少。果实发育期≤60d、61～80d、81～100d、101～120d、≥121d的品种次数呈正态分布,果实发育期81～100d的品种占收集品种的53.03%;果实发育期少于60d的极早熟品种和果实发育期多于120d的极晚熟品种所占比例较少。早、中、晚熟品种按照浆果发育期进行归类较为简便。     

棉花胞质不育育性恢复候选基因载体构建及其功能初步分析

棉花细胞质雄性不育是研究杂种优势利用和质核互作机理的理想材料。本实验对棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因ZH46-3437利用pBI121载体构建了过表达载体。同时构建了amiRNA干扰载体即amiR3437,利用病毒诱导基因沉默体系pCLCrV浸染F1植株的子叶。转基因植株的相对荧光定量数据表明,amiR3437的相对表达量上调,而ZH46-3437的相对表达量下调,利用碘-碘化钾染色法鉴定转基因出现半不育性状,表明ZH46-3437基因可能与棉花花粉育性有关。     

Enzymatic treatment on cotton fibers: degradation kinetics of pectin and influence of shape change on adsorption

Alkaline pectinase was one of the most effective enzymes to treat cotton as alternative agent to replace the conventional alkaline method. Removal of pectin and cutin was considered the explanation for improvement of wettability as well as water adsorption on cotton fiber. However, degradation kinetics of pectin is unclear, and the influence of fiber shape on property changes after enzymatic treatment was ignored. The main objective of this work was to reveal interactions between pectinase and cotton fiber for mechanism study. A heterogeneous catalysis kinetic equation, which is associated with Langmuir adsorption model and enzyme deactivation, was used to describe the heterogeneous catalysis. The enzymatic process conditions were optimized. Raw cotton fibers, pectinase-treated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized by impurities content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanism of water adsorption enhancement on treated fibers was discussed. In addition to elimination of the outer impurities, flat fibers with less twist and shape changes of lumen were also obtained to ensure better accessibility and water adsorption after enzymatic treatment.     

β～肾上腺能兴奋剂对不同日粮蛋白质、蛋氨酸水平下肉鸭生长及胴体品质的影响

用121只天府肉鸭,在蛋白质水平为15％、17％(添加0、0.21％蛋氨酸)和15％日粮中分别添加0、0.5、1ppm苯甲醇胺进行饲喂,测定21至42日龄鸭生产性能和胴体品质,探讨了不同饲粮条件下添加苯甲醇胺的效果。结果表明,添加1ppm苯甲醇胺鸭只的增重、42日龄屠宰率、胸腿肌率及鸭体蛋白、水分含量在17％,15％CP和0.21％met组显著高于0ppm对照(P<0.05—0.01),而腹脂率肌胃重及体脂含量显著降低(P<0.05—0.01)而20％cp及0％met组添加苯甲醇胺对增重、体成分无显著影响。     

免耕播种与深耕播种对小麦产量影响研究

保护性耕作技术就是按照农作物栽培要求,采取少耕或免耕方法,利用作物秸秆及残茬覆盖保护土壤,保护农业生态环境,实现农业可持续发展的技术体系。     

次生盐渍土垂向剖面斥水性及其与理化性质关系

为探求土壤剖面斥水性的变化规律及其与土壤水盐含量、pH值的关系,在新疆新垦膜下滴灌棉田以10 cm×10 cm和5cm×5cm的网格等间距采集两个土壤剖面样品,对剖面土壤的斥水性、含水率、含盐量和pH值了进行经典统计、地学统计和相关性分析。结果表明：次生盐渍土剖面斥水性呈中等程度变异,空间自相关性中等偏弱;土壤斥水性在40cm深度附近时最强,在大于80cm深度的土层斥水特征不明显;在0~40cm深度土层,含水率与土壤斥水性正相关,在40~80cm深度与斥水性负相关;含盐量除在0~10cm的表层与斥水性正相关外,在其余土层均为负相关; pH值与斥水性之间多为正相关。     

改进型夹持式棉花穴播轮排种过程高速摄像分析

采用高速摄像技术对改进型夹持式棉花穴播轮的工作过程进行了分析.分析得知,充种区的种子作大、小2个环流运动,可实现两次冲刷充种,种子相对种子室的运动较改进前有所增大,从而增大了充种机率;取种器漏充的主要原因是2粒种子横向并排摆放在夹种口中引起的;清种方式有3种:即种子在重力作用下落下、夹种口变小种子被挤出夹种口和种子的平衡位置被破坏落下;种子进入夹种口的平均速度随穴播轮转速的增大而逐渐减小.     

Effect of ensiling whole crop oat with lucerne in different ratios on fermentation quality,aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility on the Tibetan plateau

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ensiling different ratios of whole crop oat to lucerne on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of silage on the Tibetan plateau. Four experimental treatments were produced varying in the ratio of forages on a fresh matter (FM) basis: 1) 100% oat (control, dry matter (DM) content: 317 g/kg), 2) 90% oat + 10% lucerne (OL10, DM content: 316 g/kg), 3) 80% oat+ 20% lucerne (OL20, DM content: 317 g/kg) and 4) 70% oat+ 30% lucerne (OL30, DM content: 318 g/kg). All treatments were packed into laboratory‐scale silos and ensiled for 60 days and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 15 days. Further, the four experimental treatments were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study the nutrient digestibility. All silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N contents, and high lactic acid contents and V‐scores (evaluation of silage quality). Increasing the lucerne proportion increased (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content of silage, whereas neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre contents were not affected. Under aerobic conditions, the control silage showed higher (p < 0.05) yeast counts (>10⁵ cfu/g FM) followed by OL10 silage, and OL10 silage improved aerobic stability for 74 h. OL20 and OL30 silages showed fewer (p < 0.05) yeasts (<10⁵ cfu/g FM) and markedly (p < 0.05) improved the aerobic stability (>360 h). After 48‐h incubation, OL30 silage increased (p < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (IVNDFD) compared with the control silage. These results suggest that replacing oat with lucerne had no unfavourable effects on fermentation quality of silage, but improved CP content, aerobic stability IVDMD and IVNDFD. OL30 silage was the best among the three mixed silages.     

饲喂中草药和微量元素硒提高蛋的营养价值的研究

本项研究系应用中草药和微量元素硒配伍的特制预混料，对蛋鸡进行了３次饲养试验。试验结果表明，蛋鸡在饲喂了这种特制预混料后所产的蛋平均含硒量可稳定地由对照组的每枚４３μｇ，提高到１２０～２７５μｇ，成为一种富硒蛋。这种蛋经实验动物安全试验和人医临床试验，均无毒副反应。受试对象按规定量连续服用３个月后表现在血清硒、发硒的含量和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）的活性均比服用前明显提高，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些指标的升高表明富硒蛋可以方便、安全地补充人体生理需要量的有机硒．作者认为这种富硒蛋可以提高人体的免疫功能和抗衰老以及预防心血管疾病等作用，将为人们提供一种多功能性的天然绿色保健食品。