桑尺蠖越冬幼虫的耐寒性研究

研究了桑尺蠖越冬幼虫的耐寒能力 ,测定了虫体内抗寒物质的组成成分 ,并对其耐寒机理作了初步探讨。结果表明 :越冬幼虫从越冬初期至越冬滞育期 ,4龄幼虫的平均过冷却点从初期的-1 7 2℃下降至滞育期的 -2 4 4℃ ;5龄幼虫的平均过冷却点从 -1 3 4℃下降至 -2 4 8℃。越冬幼虫体内水分、糖元、脂肪含量下降 ,其中以糖元含量下降明显 ;越冬幼虫以“小分子糖—氨基酸—糖蛋白”物质系统形成抗寒基质 ,增强耐寒性。     

β-葡聚糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响

选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡480只(公雏),随机分为5个处理组。每个处理6个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组饲喂基础日粮 林可霉素,三个β-葡聚糖组,在基础日粮中分别添加25、50、100mg/kgβ-葡聚糖,以研究添加β-葡聚糖对肉鸡生产性能、免疫器官、细胞和体液免疫、血清中溶菌酶含量以及盲肠内乳酸杆菌的影响。结果显示:肉仔鸡日粮中添加50mg/kgβ-葡聚糖,显著提高0～49日龄日增重和饲料转化效率(P<0.05);显著提高21日龄脾脏的相对重量(P<0.05);添加β-葡聚糖有提高非特异性免疫力的趋势。     

退化草地土壤生化活性研究

通过对三种不同退化程度的退化草地土壤生化活性进行测定和相关性分析，结果表明草地退化后其土壤生化活性受到不同程度的影响，表现为土壤生化活性随着退化程度增高而减小，但差异并非都达到统计学上的显著性，而土壤生化活性间的相关性则显著地与草地退化程度有关，说明退化草地土壤微生物间的协调作用受到显著影响，从而影响土壤氮素和碳素代谢途径。     

Characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in swine lymphocytes using mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs

Information regarding the susceptibility of swine lymphocytes to PCV2 is rather limited. To further explore and characterize the PCV2 infection in swine lymphocytes, an in vitro model using concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from clinically healthy PCV2-carrier pigs was introduced. It was found that the PCV2 antigen-containing rate was below 2% in PBLs from healthy PCV2-free pigs following treated simultaneously with Con A and PCV2. However, significantly higher PCV2 antigen- and nucleic acid-containing rates could be seen in Con A-stimulated PBLs from clinically healthy PCV2-carrier pigs. Prior to Con A treatment, both of the PCV2 antigen- and nucleic acid-containing rates in PBLs from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs were less than 1%; however, they reached 22.1+/-5.7% by flow cytometry and 27.1+/-6.5% by in situ hybridization, respectively, at 4-day post-incubation with Con A. Phenotyping of PCV2 antigen-containing cells revealed that PCV2-positive cells could be detected in both T and B lymphocyte populations within which IgM-positive B lymphocytes appeared to have a relatively higher positive rate. The Con A-stimulated PBLs also displayed a significantly higher viral load by the measurement of either PCV2 DNA copy number or viral titer when compared with the non-treated PBLs from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs. The results indicate that PBLs, especially IgM-bearing B lymphocytes, are indeed susceptible to PCV2 infection and PCV2 is capable of replicating in dividing lymphocytes. This activation-induced replication may explain in part the pathogenesis of lymphoid depletion in PMWS-affected pigs.     

上海市一起蛋鸡心包积水-肝炎综合征的紧急流行病学调查

2016年7月1日,上海市某蛋鸡场62日龄蛋鸡出现发病和死亡现象,多次用抗生素治疗无效。为详细了解鸡场发病情况,分析导致疫病发生的风险因素,以便及时提出行之有效的防控建议,通过询问、现场调查和实验室诊断等方式开展了紧急流行病学调查;采用描述性流行病学方法,对疫情特点、发病风险因素进行了分析。实验室诊断结果显示,Ⅰ群血清4型腺病毒核酸阳性。调查发现:发病的前一周,该地气温波动剧烈,造成鸡只应激;鸡场生物安全体系不健全,无针对车辆和人员的消毒措施。结合临床症状、病理剖检和实验室诊断结果,确诊该鸡场暴发了心包积水-肝炎综合征,是由Ⅰ群血清4型腺病毒引起的。通过注射特异性卵黄抗体及对症治疗,对可能引起此次暴发的风险因素进行控制,疫情得到了有效控制。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）人工感染SPF鸡的病理学观察

取３２０只３０～４０Ｈ龄ＳＰＦ鸡，经滴鼻和点眼接种传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），接种后２４～７２ｈ出现死亡，病死率５１．２５％，死亡鸡剖检变化主要为法氏囊肿胀、出血，甚至呈紫葡萄样，脾脏肿大、出血，骨骼肌出血，腺胃肌胃交界处出血。病理组织学变化，呈现以法氏囊淋巴滤泡内髓质淋巴细胞坏死为主的特征性病变，并可在巨噬细胞浆内发现病毒包涵体。电镜观察，在法氏囊内淋巴细胞、异染性细胞、巨噬细胞浆内，见大量晶格状排列的病毒粒子和包涵体，表明ＩＢＤＶ首先损害法氏囊淋巴滤泡髓质内未成熟的Ｂ淋巴细胞，病毒在淋巴细胞内以包涵体方式增殖。     

应用套入式聚合酶链反应(Nested-PCR)检测蓝舌病病毒的研究

本实验建立了一种Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ方法。应用方法检测５株标准株蓝舌病病毒（Ｔ４、Ｔ１０、Ｔ１１、Ｔ１６、Ｔ２０）和５株国内蓝舌病病毒分离株（ＣＦ４、ＡＦ６、Ｚ１、Ｈ１、Ｇ１４）,检测结果均为阳性,而检测相关环状病毒（ＥＨＤ２、ＥＨＤ６、Ｉｂｒａｋｉ）,检测结果均生。研究证明,此方法可检测到３．５ｆｇ的ＢＴＶ－ＲＮＡ,灵敏度较高。该方法成功区分了蓝病病毒和相关环状病毒,比血清学方法更加优势,在临床