The Effect of Consumption of Selenium Enriched Rye/Wheat Sourdough Bread on the Body’s Selenium Status

The potential of selenium-enriched rye/wheat sourdough bread as a route for supplementing dietary selenium intakes is reported. In addition to their normal diets, 24 female volunteers (24 to 25 years old) were fed either selenium-enriched bread or non-enriched bread each day (68.02 and 0.84 μg selenium day⁻¹ respectively) for 4 weeks. The chemical form of the selenium in the bread had been characterised using HPLC-ICP-MS, which showed that 42% of the extractable selenium was present as selenomethionine. Plasma selenium levels and plasma platelet glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity were measured in the volunteers’ blood over a 6-week period. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was observed in the mean percentage change data, calculated from the plasma selenium level measurements for the enriched and control group, over the duration of the study. A comparable difference was not observed for the platelet GPx1 activity (p = 0.756), over the same period. Two weeks after cessation of the feeding stage, i.e., at t = 6 weeks, the mean percentage change value for the selenium plasma levels in the enriched group was still significantly elevated, suggesting that the absorbed selenium had been incorporated into the body’s selenium reserves, and was then being slowly released back into the volunteers’ blood.     

Content of Nutrient and Antinutrient in Edible Flowers of Wild Plants in Mexico

Nutrient and antinutritional/toxic factors present in some edible flowers consumed in Mexico were determined. The edible flowers were: Agave salmiana, Aloe vera, Arbutus xalapensis, Cucurbita pepo (cultivated), Erythrina americana, Erythrina caribaea, Euphorbia radians benth and Yucca filifera. The nutrient content in the flowers studied is similar to that of the edible leaves and flowers studied mainly in Africa. The moisture content of the flowers varied from 860 to 932 g kg⁻¹. Crude protein (CP) was between 113 to 275 g kg⁻¹ DM, crude fiber, 104 to 177 g kg⁻¹ DM and the nitrogen free extract, between 425 to 667 g kg⁻¹ DM. The highest chemical score (CS) was found in E. americana and A. salmiana; in five samples the limiting amino acid was lysine, and in three of them it was tryptophan. Trypsin inhibitors and hemaglutinnins had a very low concentration. Alkaloids were present in both the Erythrina species and the saponins in A. salmiana and Y. filifera. Cyanogenic glucosides were not found in the studied flowers. The traditional process of preparing these specific flowers before consumption is by cooking them and discarding the broth; in this way the toxic substances are diminished or eliminated. These edible flowers from wild plants consumed in local areas of the country play an important role in the diet of the people at least during the short time of the season where they are blooming.     

脱水对栓皮栎种子基因表达的影响

以收集于同一栓皮栎优良单株种子为试验材料,通过脱水和萌发试验确定脱水敏感关键时期,对未脱水(CK)和脱水敏感关键时期种子进行转录组测序分析,探究种子脱水过程中基因表达变化,挖掘与种子脱水敏感性相关的基因。结果表明：栓皮栎种子含水量与萌发率间呈极显著正相关。种子萌发临界含水量在28.20%(T2)左右,致死含水量在17.79%(T11)左右。通过差异基因表达分析,在比较组T2和CK,T11和T2和T11和CK中分别获得4 405、4 066和5 907个差异表达基因。这些差异表达基因分别被富集到生物学过程,分子功能和细胞组分3个功能类别以及内质网中蛋白质加工与植物激素信号传导等代谢通路中。其中,MYB108、MYB1R1、ERF1B、UNE10、CRF4、CML11、JAZ、MYC2、TGA等基因可能调控种子脱水过程中活性氧的产生与清除机制,以及胁迫信号的传导等过程,进而在种子对脱水的响应中发挥重要调控作用。     

无人机播前喷施除草剂防除棉田杂草效果评价

【目的】 分析不同喷药处理喷施33%二甲戊灵乳油对棉田杂草防效及棉花生长发育的影响,为棉田无人机播前喷施除草剂提供理论依据。【方法】 在新疆机采棉种植模式下,选择土壤封闭剂二甲戊灵为供试除草剂,设计播前无人机3个不同浓度喷药,车载喷药机喷药和不喷药5个处理,分析不同处理对棉田杂草防效及棉花生长发育的影响。【结果】 无人机喷施二甲戊灵进行棉田播前土壤处理,处理2(3 450 mL/hm²时)控草效果与车载喷药机处理相当,防治效果均达到94.00%,且显著好于不施药效果,出苗率均达59.71%,与不施药处理差异不显著。增加药剂浓度1 200 mL/hm²对棉花出苗有影响,出苗率降低7.54%,但差异不显著。无人机喷药处理株高、叶龄、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数与车载喷药机喷药处理间差异不显著,显著高于不喷药处理。【结论】 无人机喷施播前二甲戊灵浓度3 450 mL/hm²时与车载喷药机喷施浓度3 450 mL/hm²防草效果和棉花生长发育相当,可在大田推广使用。     

基于HRNet-OCR模型的农村宅基地提取方法

【目的】 农村宅基地信息统计是制定农村宅基地制度改革政策方向的基础,目前,基于遥感影像的农村宅基地提取还主要停留在人工目视解译的阶段,这种传统的提取方法效率低、成本高、耗时长,基于遥感影像自动化提取农村宅基地的相关研究较少。【方法】 文章收集了德清县无人机遥感影像数据,建立了训练集、验证集和测试集,构建HRNet-OCR模型,并与FCN、UNet、DeepLabV3Plus这3种模型在不同场景下进行对比。【结果】 模型精度评价指标IoU表明,在平原和丘陵地区HRNet-OCR比FCN、UNet和DeepLabV3Plus分别高了4.24%、3.72%和2.82%,在山区HRNet-OCR比FCN、UNet和DeepLabV3Plus分别高了3.59%、2.77%和1.55%,且模型在边缘细节上表现得更优秀。【结论】 基于HRNet-OCR识别模型使得遥感影像农村宅基地提取更为准确,具有更好的鲁棒性,可为精准提取农村宅基地提供重要参考价值。未来更快速、高效的高精度提取方法还有待进一步研究。     

Safe conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material gua...     

Effect of starving and feeding on some haematological and physiological responses of the Nile catfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarias gariepinus</Emphasis> exposed to copper at extreme seasons

The lethal concentration for 50% of fish for 96h (96h LC₅₀) of copper (Cu²⁺) was estimated for the Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in extreme seasons, winter and summer, 4.31 and 4.79 mg/l, respectively. The Nile catfish was exposed to 96h LC₅₀ of copper for 7 days in extreme winter and summer. The body indices, haematological parameters as well as some plasma and liver enzyme activities and metabolite level were significantly differed in fish exposed to copper over than those of the control fish. Most of the tested parameters were not significantly different between the control fish of winter and summer (winter, water temperature 18 ± 2°C and summer, 27 ± 2°C). The effect of two ration sizes on copper toxicity in two different seasons on C. gariepinus was justified. It was found that the haematological parameters and the tested plasma activities of enzymes were significantly valid due to season differences. The blood parameters as well as plasma activities of enzymes were significantly differed in fishes fed elevated ration (3%) and exposed to copper challenge. On the other hand, the exploit of low feeding ration (0.5%) along with copper exposure during the examined seasons induced non-significant differences of the tested parameters, from those of the corresponding control. Therefore, the low feeding ration provides some tolerance against the possible water-borne copper exposure.     

论加快开封市渔业发展的对策

改革开放以来，通过大力实施“科教兴渔”战略，使开封市渔业持续快速发展。2001年，全市水产养殖面积达到4．85万亩，比1983年增加2倍；其中池塘养殖面积达到3．93万亩，比1983年增加4．6倍。水产品产量达到1．28万吨，比1983年增长了16．6倍，年均增长17．3％。全市年人均水产品占有量由1983年的0．2公斤提高到2．7公斤。渔业对于增加农民收入、促进农业和农村经济发展发挥了重要作用。     

Determination of the quality parameters of pike perch <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sander lucioperca</Emphasis> caught by gillnet,longline and harpoon in Turkey

ABSTRACT:   The effects of the different catching methods (gillnet, longline, harpoon) on sensory, chemical (pH, total volatile base nitrogen, K -value) and microbiological (total viable count [TVC]) changes in pike perch Sander lucioperca stored in ice were investigated. The same soaking time was used for both gillnet and longline fishing. The catching method had considerable influence on the freshness quality of pike perch. The acceptable shelf life was 15 days for pike perch caught by gillnet, and 22 days for longline and harpoon. The initial concentrations of inosine monophosphate (2.4 μmol/g) in pike perch caught by gillnet were significantly lower ( P  < 0.05) than longline (4.1 μmol/g), and especially by harpoon (16.7 μmol/g). However, the initial K -values for fish caught by harpoon were significantly ( P  < 0.05) lower (24.36%) than fish caught by longline and gillnet (57.69%, 64.41%, respectively). The average K , Ki, G and H -values at rejection day in terms of sensory assessment were approximately 90, 98, 156 and 40%, respectively, for all catching methods during ice storage. However, TVC reached 7.0 log cfu/g after approximately 11 days of storage for fish caught by gillnet, 19 days for fish caught by longline and 8 days for fish caught by harpoon. The result of this study suggests that the best catching method for preserving the freshness of pike perch is longline, based on the data obtained from the sensory and microbiological analysis.     

Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Choerodon schoenleinii</Emphasis> determined by ultrasonic telemetry

ABSTRACT:   Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish were examined using ultrasonic telemetry. Five hatchery-reared and four wild fish were released in the sandy bottom of Urasoko Bay, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and monitored using automated monitoring receivers from November 2005 to February 2006. Both hatchery-reared and wild fish tended to stay near the release site for over two weeks, before leaving the release site. Both hatchery-reared and wild tuskfish showed diurnal rhythm intermittently; signals were recorded more frequently in the daytime and less frequently in the nighttime, suggesting that the fish of both origins were active during the day and inactive during the night. These findings indicate that the one-year-old hatchery-reared tuskfish have some consistent behavioral characteristics with those of the wild.