哈尔滨群力新区绿地生态规划设计建议

在分析群力新区绿地景观格局的基础上,针对提出的问题,对群力新区绿地系统进行生态规划,确立了"一轴、两廊、三纵、五片、六核"的绿地布局。确定近期、中期、远期绿地规划绿地率指标分别为19%、25%、33%,绿化覆盖率分别为24%、30%、40%,人均公园绿地为8.5、10.0、12.0m2。规划公园绿地为研究区绿地系统的核心绿地景观,均衡分布各个公园绿地的位置与规模,提高绿地景观均匀性。大幅增加附属绿地面积,注重各类斑块等级的运用,增加绿地斑块之间的联系性,降低附属绿地破碎化程度。生产、防护绿地要确保分别达到绿地指标的完成,尽可能的多采用大中型斑块和大型斑块,能更好的发挥其生产、防护的作用。规划湿地公园填补其它绿地类型的缺失,丰富了研究区绿地景观的多样性。     

抗旱节水型衡麦系列品种的选育方法及系谱分析

为探讨抗旱节水小麦的定向培育方法,对抗旱节水型衡麦系列品种选育过程进行了总结和分析。多年来河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所围绕"节水抗旱、抗逆高产、广适稳产、优质早熟"的育种目标,着眼解决地下水资源极度匮乏与农业生产矛盾突出的问题,为培育抗旱节水型广适小麦品种,利用常规育种技术与分子标记检测手段,广泛筛选遗传背景远缘且生态差异较大的优异亲本组配组合,创新采用不同世代水旱交替双向综合选择技术,先后育成16个抗旱节水型小麦品种,提高了选择效率和水资源利用率。在系谱上,衡观35等为代表的衡麦系列品种与蚂蚱麦、碧玉麦和洛夫林10号存在一定的血缘关系,且含有对光周期不敏感的Ppd-Dla等优异基因。这些品种目前已由冀中南冬麦区推广至黄淮冬麦区(南、北片)、北部冬麦区(天津)和长江中下游冬麦区(湖北襄阳)等区域种植,展示出生态广适、节水稳产的特点。     

Organic phosphorus mineralization characteristics in sediments from the coastal salt marshes of a Chinese delta under simulated tidal cycles

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment organic phosphorus (OP) mineralization plays an important role in phosphorus cycling in coastal salt marshes. However, information on OP mineralization...     

Effect of soil acidification on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in Ultisols

Purpose

To examine the effect of soil acidification on growth and nitrogen (N) uptake by maize in Ultisols.

Materials and methods

A clay Ultisol derived from Quaternary red earth and a sandy Ultisol derived from tertiary red sandstone were used in this study. A pot experiment was conducted with maize growing in the two Ultisols acidified to different pH values. Urea with ¹⁵N abundance of 10.11% was used to investigate the distribution of N fertilizer between soil and plant. Total N content and ¹⁵N abundance in plant and soil samples were determined by elemental analysis-isotope mass spectrometry.

Results and discussion

Critical soil pHs of 4.8 and 5.0 were observed for maize growing in the clay and sandy Ultisols, respectively. Below the critical soil pH, increasing soil pH significantly increased maize height and the yield of maize shoots and roots (both P < 0.05), but changes in soil pH showed no significant effect on maize growth above the critical soil pH in both Ultisols. Maize growing in the sandy Ultisol was more sensitive to changes in soil pH than in the clay Ultisol. Increase in the pH in both Ultisols also increased N accumulation in maize, the N derived from fertilizer in maize, physiological N use efficiency, and N use efficiency (NUE) by maize. Changes in soil pH had a greater effect on these parameters below the critical soil pH, compared to above. The change in soil pH had a greater effect on N accumulation in maize, the N derived from fertilizer in maize, and NUE in the sandy Ultisol than in the clay Ultisol. The NUE increased by 24.4% at pH 6.0, compared with pH 4.0 in the clay Ultisol, while the NUE at pH 5.0 was 4.8 times that at pH 4.0 in the sandy Ultisol. The increase in soil pH increased the ratio of N accumulation in maize/soil residue N and decreased the potential loss of fertilizer N from both Ultisols.

Conclusions

Soil acidification inhibited maize growth, reduced N uptake by maize, and thus, decreased NUE. To maintain soil pH of acidic soils above the critical values for crops is of practical importance for sustainable food production in acidic soils.

     

An Electrospun Scaffold Loaded with an Enteromorpha Polysaccharide for Accelerated Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

The design and development of innovative multifunctional wound dressing materials in engineered biomaterials is essential for promoting tissue repair. In this study, nanofibrous wound dressing materials loaded with anti-inflammatory ingredients were manufactured by a promising electrospinning strategy, and their capability for treating diabetic wounds was also investigated. A scaffold blend consisting of an Enteromorpha polysaccharide and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was fabricated. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of PVA/EPP1 fiber. We found that PVA/EPP1 fiber accelerated the repair of a full-thickness skin wound in diabetic mice. The results suggest that this scaffold could effectively shorten the wound healing time by inhibiting inflammatory activity, which makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds caused by diabetes.     

不同乳脂率奶牛瘤胃微生物及其代谢物差异分析

本研究旨在分析不同乳脂率奶牛瘤胃微生物及其代谢物的差异。本试验基于江苏省某奶牛场2020年的中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能测定（DHI）数据,选取胎次、泌乳天数及产奶量相近的高乳脂率奶牛（H组）及低乳脂率奶牛（L组）各5头,收集瘤胃液及奶样,测定常规乳成分指标、瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸浓度与消化酶活性;通过16S rDNA测序和非靶向液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）代谢组学技术分析瘤胃微生物组成及其代谢物。结果显示：相同饲粮条件下,H组和L组的乳脂率分别为5.82%和3.60%,二者差异极显著（P<0.01）。H组瘤胃液乙酸/丙酸比值显著高于L组（P <0.05）。16S rDNA测序结果表明瘤胃内厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为优势菌门,且H组Kiritimatiellaeota的相对丰度显著低于L组（P<0.05）。在属水平上,普雷沃氏菌属1(Prevotella＿1)、解琥珀酸弧菌属（Succiniclasticum）和琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001(Succinivibrionaceae＿UCG-0...     

绥芬河国家森林公园生态因子效应分析

对绥芬河国家森林公园典型样地及绥芬河市区典型对照样地的空气负离子密度、温度、湿度、二氧化碳体积分数和噪音进行了测量,并分析了森林公园与市区样地中各生态因子的日变化规律,比较了森林公园与市区、森林公园内典型样地间的空气负离子密度、温度、湿度、二氧化碳体积分数及噪音在监测时段的发生量。结果表明,森林公园与市区样地的温度、湿度日变化规律基本一致。森林公园和市区的空气负离子密度、二氧化碳体积分数和环境噪音具有各自的日变化规律。绥芬河国家森林公园空气质量和生态效益整体上高于市区。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Ea基因的克隆及 生物信息学分析

不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌能产生多种多样的晶体(Cry)蛋白.基于这个特性,人们可以通过基因工程的手段向工程菌中转入编码多种Cry毒素的基因来控制虫害.通过DNA重组技术,从BtHZM2菌株中克隆出了cry1Ea基因,对其进行了生物信息学分析,同源比对结果表明.cry1Ea8基因的核苷酸序列与已知cry1Ea的同源性为99.77%～99.91%.对应的氨基酸序列同源性为99.49%～99.74%.对cry1Ea8基因的分析还揭示出了cry1Ea8及其编码蛋白的一些生物和理化性质.结构域预测表明,Cry1Ea8由3个结构域组成,其中N-末端螺旋状结构域与膜插入与孔隙形成有关,而第二和第三个结构域与受体的结合有关.该研究为转基因抗虫植物和微生物杀虫工程菌的构建提供了新的基因来源.     

借鉴国际经验发展中国农村公共产品自愿供给

农村社会经济的发展,离不开农村公共产品的多元化有效供给.农村公共产品主要由政府与市场供给,但政府供给存在缺位现象,市场供给亦严重失灵.自愿供给模式以其灵活性及可操作性,必将成为农村公共产品供给的重要方式.     

林业技能人才队伍建设调研报告

“十一五”期间,林业技能人才队伍建设取得了巨大成绩,高技能人才数量增加,人才队伍整体素质逐步提高,但也存在林业技能人才鉴定体系不够完善、持证上岗制度覆盖面窄、林业技能人才需求统计工作滞后、各地区林业技能人才发展不平衡等问题。建议应切实加强对林业技能人才队伍建设的领导,大力推广林业大专院校双证制度,逐步推行林业行业相关岗位持证上岗制度,改革探索高效率的职业工种开发鉴定途径,建立科学合理的职业技能人才薪酬标准体系。