微量元素添加剂设计方法对肉兔生产性能的影响

选择３５日龄健康比利时幼兔４０只,随机分成２组,每组２０只,在基础饲料及管理完全一致的条件下,分别添加按不同方法设计的微量元素添加剂。试验组在分析化验饲料中各种微量元素含量的基础上补加,使之达到营养标准;对照组不考虑饲料中的微量元素含量,按标准另外补加。试验期３０天。结果：试验组和对照组日增重分别为２９．６ｇ和２７．４ｇ,料重比分别为３．３９∶１和３．５４∶１,试验组增重提高８．０３％,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲料利用率提高４．２４％,添加剂成本降低２４．７４％,每千克增重降低饲料费０．１６元。试验表明,在设计微量元素添加剂时,应考虑地方性饲料的特点及有关营养含量,以保持营养的平衡性。     

温光变化对西洋杜鹃离体培养的影响

对西洋杜鹃（Rhododendron hybridum）2个品种（Redjack、Brittania）的试管苗在恒温和变温变光培养条件下进行了离体培养。结果表明,变温变光培养较恒温培养更适于西洋杜鹃的壮苗及生根;2种不同培养条件下的幼苗移栽成活率分别为90．8％和71．0％,差异显著。     

Properties of low-moisture viscoplastic materials consisting of oil droplets dispersed in a protein-carbohydrate-glycerol matrix: effect of oil concentration

The influence of oil concentration and baking on the properties of low-moisture composites consisting of oil droplets dispersed in a protein-carbohydrate-glycerol matrix was investigated. These composites were produced by blending canola oil, whey protein concentrate (WPC), corn syrup, and glycerol together using a high-speed mixer. The resulting system consisted of oil droplets dispersed in a polar matrix. Some composites were analyzed directly after preparation, while others were analyzed after being heated at 176 degrees C for 10 min to simulate baking. The "lightness" of the composites was greater before baking (higher L value), but the color was more intense after baking (higher a and b values). The lightness and color intensity of the composites decreased as the oil concentration increased, with the effects being more pronounced in the baked samples. The zeta potential of the oil droplets (measured after dilution at pH 6) was highly negative (approximately -40 mV), indicating that whey protein was adsorbed to the droplet surfaces. The mean particle diameter (measured after dilution at pH 6) increased appreciably after baking, which was attributed to droplet flocculation. The rheological properties of the unbaked and baked materials were characterized by squeezing flow viscometry, which showed that the measurements associated with consistency and yield stress increased with increasing oil concentration and with baking.     

N_(86)不育材料的选育及研究初报

1986年在甘蓝型油菜萝卜细胞质雄性不育系的测交后代中,发现半不育植株;经回交和定向选择,选育出N_(26)不育材料。N_(26)不育材料花的特征仍保持萝卜质不育系的花瓣特征,但不育性不同于萝卜质不育系。初步研究结果表明;N_(26)不育材料的不育性受温度影响,在一段时间里,当日平均气温高于12℃,该材料表现为不育;当日平均气温低于12℃,该材料则开半不育和可育花。N_(26)不育材料的遗传属核质互作类型,细胞核内可能有两对隐性基因控制不育性。本文对N_(26)不育材料的利用进行了探讨,但没有研究N_(26)不育材料细胞质与萝卜质不育系细胞质的异同。     

锌水平对不同生育期苦瓜若干生理特性的影响

7个锌水平的水培试验结果表明苦瓜对锌的需求量随培养时间的延长而增加。Zn最佳水平苗期、伸蔓期和蕾期、开花结果初期分别为0.02、0.08和0.32mg/L。苦瓜缺锌植株矮小、发育迟缓、衰老加快;锌毒害使苗期叶片黄化失绿,甚至出现水渍状坏死斑。缺锌对苦瓜的影响随着培养时间的延长逐渐加重,而过量锌的毒害作用随着植株的生长逐渐减弱。锌对苦瓜地上部、地下部生长影响规律不同缺锌和过量锌均明显抑制地上部生长和干重积累;轻微缺锌和过量锌则可促进苦瓜根系伸长及其干重积累,严重缺锌和严重过量锌才会抑制根系生长。施锌可加快苦瓜生长发育,并可延缓植株衰老。     

火龙果日光温室栽培的搭架技术应用

搭架是火龙果日光温室栽培的基本操作环节,但是人们对其重要性认识不足,研究也不够深入,认为其技术含量不高,操作的随意性很大,对火龙果温室栽培技术推广应用产生了不利的影响。该文在多年生产试验的基础上,对搭架的重要性,搭架的技术要求和目前普遍采取的种植方式作了详尽的描述,对指导火龙果的标准化,规范化栽培,实现优质丰产具有积极的指导作用。     

不同催化剂双氧水氧化淀粉的转化及结晶度的比较

为了研究催化剂(硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁)对氧化淀粉羧基质量分数及结构方面的影响,采用淀粉糊滴定法测定了两种氧化淀粉的羧基质量分数,并比较了其X射线衍射图谱和傅里叶红外光谱.试验结果为:硫酸铜氧化淀粉的羧基质量分数为0.048％,结晶度为33.76％;硫酸亚铁氧化淀粉的羧基质量分数为0.0017％,结晶度为34.12％.试验表明:硫酸铜对双氧水的催化效果缘于硫酸亚铁;双氧水不能打破淀粉结晶结构,氧化反应主要是在非结晶区进行.     

Potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. as probiotic feed supplements in an extruded low‐fish‐meal diet for juvenile olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

A 12‐week feeding trial was designed to assess the probiotic potential of indigenous Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or Bacillus subtilis singly or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis in an extruded feed for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) juveniles. A high fish meal (FM) diet (control) and a low‐FM diet containing an alternative protein blend (30% FM replacement, FM30) were formulated. Three other experimental diets were prepared by inclusion of B. amyloliquefaciens (BA), B. subtilis (BS), or a mixture of B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis (BASL) into FM30 diet, with a final concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g diet. Results indicated that the FM30 diet was well tolerated by flounder, and the overall performance was not affected by dietary treatments. Lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin level were significantly reduced in flounders when fed with the FM30 diet compared with the BASL and BA diets, respectively. The Bacillus additives neither enriched the relative abundance of the corresponding Bacillus spp. in the relevant gut microbiota of olive flounder nor modulated the presumptive gene functions of the gut microbiome. Despite the absence of growth‐promoting effect, the tested probiotics could still be economically viable for use as immunostimulants in commercial flounder diets with partial FM replacement.     

“太湖1号”杂交青虾规模化繁育技术研究

利用53hm2标准化鱼池,采用雌雄亲虾同池的放养模式与集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式2种模式进行“太湖1号”杂交青虾的规模化繁殖试验。结果显示,本期共繁殖生产虾苗33533．86万尾,31878．33kg。雌雄亲虾同池培育的产苗量比集中投放抱卵青虾培育的产苗量要低36．49～69．26kg／hm2,或132．85万。143．607万尾／hm2,苗种规格大小差异大。雌雄亲虾同池培育的捕苗时间从7月18日到8月25日,共计38d,集中投放抱卵亲虾培育池的苗规格较一致,捕苗时间为期25d,捕捞时间缩短了13d。这表明,集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式可作为青虾规模化繁殖生产的优选方式。     

Sperm cryopreservation of the noble Scallop Chlamys nobilis by a programmable freezing method: Effect of cryoprotectant

A study on Chlamys nobilis sperm cryopreservation by a programmable freezing method was conducted under laboratory condition. Four cryoprotectant agents (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], methanol [MET], propanediol[PG] and ethylene glycol [EG]) and four concentrations (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were evaluated for their ability to retain sperm motility, movement characteristics and fertility. Results showed that cryopreserved sperm total motility produced by DMSO and MET at 5%, 10% and 20% were higher than other cryoprotectant treatment groups (CPA groups), as well as rapid sperm percentage. The curvilinear (VCL) and straight line (VSL) velocity produced by DMSO at 5% significantly higher than other CPA groups (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found for average path (VAP) velocity. The lateral head displacement (ALH) in all CPA groups was similar and without significant difference (p > 0.05), as well as the beat‐cross frequency (BCF). A significant higher fertilization rate was produced in DMSO than that in MET at same concentration (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found for differing concentrations of the same cryoprotectant (p > 0.05). Overall, 5%‐20% DMSO was more suitable for Chlamys nobilis sperm programmable cryopreservation when the calcium‐free Hanks’ balanced salt solution was used as the extender, and 10°C/min from 0°C to ?80°C was used as freezing rate. The findings presented in this study will benefit conservation programs for Chlamys nobilis.