Eastern little tuna,Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) mature and reproduce within 1 year of rearing in land‐based tanks

Eastern little tuna (ELT, Euthynnus affinis) is expected to see use as a novel aquaculture species due to its rapid growth and high economic value. In this study, closing of the complete life cycle of ELT in land‐based tanks was successfully carried out. Seed production of a first generation (F1) derived from wild‐caught ELT broodstock was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Survival percentages of F1 ELT at 365 days post hatching for the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes were 0.9%, 0.4% and 6.3% respectively. On average, F1 ELT were approximately 40 cm in total length and weighed 1500 g by the time they reached 1 year of age. Successful artificial induction of spawning was achieved in 1‐year‐old F1 ELT using a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa). Induction of spawning was successful at the first administration of GnRHa in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes. First spawning was observed at 4 or 5 days post implantation, which indicated that oogenesis and spermatogenesis progressed within 1 year of rearing in land‐based tanks. During spawning periods, the average number of fertilized eggs and the average number of hatched larvae per spawning event in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes were 20,480 eggs day^?1 and 177 larvae day^?1, 39,423 eggs day^?1 and 9347 larvae day^?1, and 819,555 eggs day^?1 and 674,445 larvae day^?1 respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that both male and female ELT reared in land‐based tanks were capable of reproduction at 1 year of age.     

Phosphate reduction in the paddy field I

The paper on the phosphate reduction in the paddy field has not yet been found. Although it seemed that its study was made by a Soviet investigator, K.I. RUDAKOV (2, 3), his research was not concerned with the paddy field and his original paper has not been available to the author.     

中华绒螯蟹线粒体DNA l2S rRNA基因片段的序列研究

首次进行了中华绒螯蟹（ Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）线粒体 ＤＮＡ １２ＳｒＲＮＡ的序列分析。参考果蝇、蚤状溞序列对中华绒螯蟹线粒体ＤＮＡ １２ＳｒＲＮＡ基因片段做了引物设计、ＰＣＲ扩增及序列测定,结果得到 ４５７ ｂｐ的碱基序列,其Ａ、Ｔ、Ｇ、Ｃ含量分别为 １５９ｂｐ（３４．７９％）、１７７ｂｐ（３８．７３％）、５１ｂｐ（１１．１６％）、７０ｂｐ（ １５． ３２％）,与果蝇、蚤状溞的相同基因片段的序列含量基本相似。     

人类活动对中国南部荒山松林养分循环的影响

在中国南部开展对荒山马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林养分循环受人类活动影响的调查.位于江西省兴国县研究地点的一些农民从森林生态系统中收取有机物作为燃料,这引起养分循环的断裂和植被恢复的延误以及土壤侵蚀的发生.收取的量估算为相当于5.92t/hm2有机物和21.4kg/hm2氮.如果收取停止,10年之后,有机物在森林地表枯枝落叶层的积累将可恢复.     

Manipulation of fish germ cell: visualization, cryopreservation and transplantation

Germ-cell transplantation has many applications in biology and animal husbandry, including investigating the complex processes of germ-cell development and differentiation, producing transgenic animals by genetically modifying germline cells, and creating broodstock systems in which a target species can be produced from a surrogate parent. The germ-cell transplantation technique was initially established in chickens using primordial germ cells (PGCs), and was subsequently extended to mice using spermatogonial stem cells. Recently, we developed the first germ-cell transplantation system in lower vertebrates using fish PGCs and spermatogonia. During mammalian germ-cell transplantation, donor spermatogonial stem cells are introduced into the seminiferous tubules of the recipient testes. By contrast, in the fish germ-cell transplantation system, donor cells are microinjected into the peritoneal cavities of newly hatched embryos; this allows the donor germ cells to migrate towards, and subsequently colonize, the recipient genital ridges. The recipient embryos have immature immune systems, so the donor germ cells can survive and even differentiate into mature gametes in their allogeneic gonads, ultimately leading to the production of normal offspring. In addition, implanted spermatogonia can successfully differentiate into sperm and eggs, respectively, in male and female recipients. The results of transplantation studies in fish are improving our understanding of the development of germ-cell systems during vertebrate evolution.     

Heterologous gap junctions between granulosa cells and oocytes in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis): formation and role during luteinizing hormone-dependent acquisition of oocyte maturational competence

Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels. Molecules with a molecular weight of 1 kDa or less can pass back and forth between adjacent cells through GJs. Communication between oocytes and the somatic cells that surround them via GJs is known to play key roles to initiate oocyte maturation in many vertebrates. However, little is known of the detailed functions of ovarian GJs during oocyte maturation in fish. The oocyte maturation of fish is induced by a maturation-inducing steroid (MIS). The sensitivity of oocytes to the MIS is known as oocyte maturational competence (OMC) and is induced by luteinizing hormone (LH). However, LH receptors are found on the surface of granulosa cells rather than oocytes. We therefore proposed that the LH signals received by granulosa cells were passed to oocytes via GJs. This review describes current knowledge of the role of GJs between granulosa cells and oocytes during the LH-induced acquisition of OMC in fish.     

中国南部天然常绿阔叶林的地上生物量、净初级生产力、养分分布和养分利用效率

在中国南部的江西九连山自然保护区,观测研究了天然常绿阔叶林的地上生物量、地上NPP(净初级生产力)、养分的积累和分布,以及不同生活型树种的养分利用效率.在两个样地,用相对生长回归法和收获法测定了地上生物量,数值各约为340和270t/hm2,其中叶生物量约为9.6t/hm2.地上NPP约为年9.9t/hm2,其中叶生产力占44％.各种一般养分(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Na)在森林生态系统中积累的特点是,Na和N在矿质土壤中有高的相对分布,K和Mg属中间地位,Ca和P则高分布于地上生物量中.氮的养分利用效率(NUE)、平均停留时间(MRT)和年生产力(A)表明,针叶树是氮的最高效的利用者,常绿阔叶树次之,落叶树在氮的利用上是最低效的.     

中华绒螯蟹线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因片段的序列研究

首次进行了中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）线粒体ＤＮＡ１２ＳｒＲＮＡ的序列分析。参考果蝇、蚤状序列对中华绒螯蟹线粒体ＤＮＡ１２ＳｒＲＮＡ基因片段做了引物设计、ＰＣＲ扩增及序列测定,结果得到４５７ｂｐ的碱基序列,其Ａ、Ｔ、Ｇ、Ｃ含量分别为１５９ｂｐ（３４．７９％）、１７７ｂｐ（３８．７３％）、５１ｂｐ（１１．１６％）、７０ｂｐ（１５．３２％）、与果蝇、蚤状的相同基因片段的序列含量基