浅析我国植物检疫领域标准样品研究现状

本文介绍了标准样品研制工作在我国植物检疫领域的发展历程,梳理分析了已发布/立项标准样品的相关数据,结合作者单位在该领域研制标准样品实践经验,对植物检疫领域标准样品存在的问题进行了讨论,以供今后工作参考.     

不同生态区粳稻资源表型遗传多样性综合评价

为探究粳稻种质资源遗传多样性,提高粳稻育种组合选配的针对性和育种效率,通过变异系数、遗传多样性指数、聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析、二维排序分析和逐步回归分析方法对不同生态区80份粳稻种质资源的8个表型性状的多样性水平进行了分析。结果表明：8个表型性状的变异系数为11.06%~36.97%,其中,千粒重的变异系数最小,每穗总粒数的变异系数最大;8个表型性状的遗传多样性指数为1.54~2.06,其中,单株有效穗数的遗传多样性指数最高,结实率的遗传多样性指数最低;在欧式距离9.0处,可将80份参试材料分为4类,各类表型性状差异明显;根据主成分分析和综合评价结果,80份粳稻种质资源中贵州的毕大香6号综合性状排名第1位,同时筛选到每穗实粒数、千粒重、株高、穗长和单株有效穗数性状可作为粳稻种质资源综合评价的关键指标;利用主成分二维排序分析筛选到矮秆、大穗、分蘖能力强及结实率高的4类优异种质资源,结合二维排序结果,大方晚糯是在二维排序重叠种质,可作为育种中间材料。同时基于主成分构建了粳稻种质资源的综合评价方程。     

普通豇豆应用核心种质的SSR指纹图谱构建及多样性分析

不同种质资源群体的多样性及遗传背景分析可为种质资源收集保存及创新利用提供有效信息。对不同来源的88份普通豇豆应用核心种质资源进行了14个SSR位点的指纹图谱构建及多样性分析,共检测到39个等位变异,每对引物检测到2~5个,平均为2.79。多态信息含量（PIC）变幅为0.25~0.72,平均为0.58。UPGMA聚类结果显示,除了3对种质外,39个等位变异可将其他材料有效区分,且在遗传相似系数为0.63时,88份种质可分为4个类群,地理来源相同的材料有聚在一起的趋势。     

24份枸杞种质资源SSR遗传多样性分析

枸杞是药食同源的植物,具有重要的药用价值和经济价值,枸杞遗传背景复杂,对其种质资源遗传变异和种质资源的遗传背的研究还不充分。本研究对24个枸杞种质资源采用SSR分子标记进行了遗传多样性。在17对SSR引物上共检测到96个条带,其中有59条多态性条带,多态性条带比率为61.5%。每个SSR位点的PIC值为0.37~0.60,平均值为0.45。NTSYS类平均法聚类结果显示,24份枸杞供试品种遗传相似性系数介于0.263?0.954之间,在相似系数0.56处被分为9大类群。这将为进一步开展枸杞种质资源评价、新品种选育和合理利用提供科学院依据。     

RAMP与REMAP分子标记技术及其应用

引物设计是RAMP和REMAP标记分析的关键,二者都使用锚定的微卫星序列引物。目前已开发出多个RAMP锚定微卫星序列引物,与不同的RAPD引物进行扩增,得到更多的引物组合。REMAP使用反转录转座子的外向LTR引物和锚定微卫星序列引物。而RAMP分析采用不对称PCR循环,在PCR扩增的后15个循环中,退火温度设为2个;REMAP则采用常规PCR循环。扩增产物可在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、琼脂糖凝胶上进行电泳分离,检测时可使用同位素、银染或溴化乙锭染色等技术。目前,这两种标记技术已在作物和动物种质资源的遗传多样性分析、遗传连锁图谱构建、转基因植株基因稳定性分析等方面都有成功的应用。     

论城市化进程中珠三角的城市森林建设

文章在深化对城市林业重要意义认识的基础上,探讨了珠三角地区城市森林体系建设存在的问题和发展思路,目的在于为促进珠三角地区城市生态系统建设与可持续发展提供借鉴。     

Effects of Altitude Change on Nutritional Quality and Elymus nutans Regularity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In order to reveal the effects of different altitudes on the nutritional quality of wild forage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study used Elymus nutans as the tested plants to evaluate the changes of nutrient contents and the correlation between the nutrient contents and altitudes.Four sampling sites were set up at altitudes of 2 562,2 660,2 775 and 2 905 m with the vertical distance among each sampling point was about 100 m.The results showed that the crude protein,ash and phosphorus contents of Elymus nutans decreased significantly with an increase in altitudes.The crude protein contents decreased by 1.87 % with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude protein contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0187x+63.244 (R~2=0.9557)".The crude ash contents decreased by 1.77% with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude ash contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0177x+56.144 (R~2=0.978)".Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of altitudes,but the most obvious increase was at 2 775 m.The contents of crude fat and Ca did not change regularly with altitudes.     

妊娠犬饲养管理中存在的问题及改进措施

在犬的繁殖过程中,往往会碰到这样一些问题：仔犬出生时弱胎、死胎多,有些胎儿即使存活下来,也是生长缓慢,达不到生长发育的要求,最后成为长不大的“铁狗”。究其原因是多方面的,但犬在妊娠期间饲养管理的好坏对新生仔犬质量具有影响作用。为了提高新生仔犬质量,保证母犬的正常体况和繁育,现就妊娠犬在饲养管理过程中存在的问题及改进措施谈点看法。     

义乌城市防护绿地建设的宏观生态途径

“义乌盆地”的地理和气候易造成污浊空气在城市内沉积,也不利于外围新鲜空气进入城区。义乌在建设了大量的城市防护绿地的同时,选择了一条独特的宏观生态途径,理顺和打通了城市进气和排气通道,并进一步提出完善城市防护绿地宏观生态体系的几点举措。     

Digestibility of the defatted microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Desmodesmus sp. when fed to Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar

The aim of the study was to investigate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of defatted biomass derived from microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Desmodesmus sp. when fed to Atlantic salmon postsmolts in seawater. Two experiments, one employing cold‐pelleted and the other employing extruded pellets, were carried out to determine the ADC of dry matter (DM), protein, ash and energy. The test feeds consisted of a fishmeal‐based reference feed and the algal biomass, at a ratio of 70:30, and yttrium oxide as the inert marker. The ADC of DM and protein in fish fed microalgae‐incorporated cold‐pelleted feeds were significantly higher for Nannochloropsis sp. compared with Desmodesmus sp. The Nannochloropsis sp. inclusion in extruded feeds also led to higher ADCs of DM and energy compared with Desmodesmus sp. The extrusion processing significantly increased the ADC of ash in both defatted microalgae biomass, as well as ADCs of DM in Nannochloropsis and protein in Desmodesmus sp. In conclusion, the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. was more digestible than Desmodesmus sp., and extrusion processing can be used as a means to improve digestibility of certain nutrients.