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81.
R De Roover JMN Feugang PEJ Bols G Genicot Ch Hanzen 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):239-245
The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the number of follicles, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and cultured In Vitro Produced (IVP) embryos obtained from 1396 non‐stimulated Ovum Pick‐up (OPU) sessions on 81 donor animals in a twice weekly OPU scheme. Results were obtained from 640 sessions following FSH‐LH superstimulation, on 112 donors subjected to OPU once every 2 weeks. The stimulation protocol started with the insertion of an ear implant containing 3 mg norgestomet (Crestar, Intervet, Belgium) 8 days before puncture (day ?8). The dominant follicle was ablated by ultrasound‐guided follicle puncture on day ?6. On day ?3 and day ?2, cows were injected with FSH (Ovagen, ICP) twice daily (8 am to 8 pm ), i.e. a total dose of 160 μg FSH and 40 μg LG per donor per stimulation cycle. Animals were punctured 48 h after the last FSH injection (day 0). Progesterone implants were removed the next day. Stimulated donor cows were treated with this protocol at 14‐day intervals. Follicles were visualized with a Dynamic Imaging ultrasound scanner, equipped with a 6.5 MHz sectorial probe. Follicles were punctured with 55 cm long, 18 gauge needles at an aspiration pressure corresponding to a flow rate of 15 ml/min. Cumulus oocyte complexes were recovered and processed in a routine IVF set‐up. Results demonstrate that, expressed per session, FSH stimulation prior to OPU increases production efficiency with significantly more follicles punctured and oocytes retrieved. However, when overall results during comparable 2‐week periods are considered (four non‐stimulated sessions vs one stimulated), more follicles are punctured and more oocytes are retrieved using the non‐stimulated protocol. No significant differences in the number of cultured embryos could be detected, indicating that FSH/LH stimulation prior to OPU might have a positive effect on in vitro oocyte developmental competence as more embryos are cultured with less, presumably better‐quality, oocytes. 相似文献
82.
83.
Santiago Garcia Deborah M. Finch Gilberto Chvez Len 《Forest Ecology and Management》1998,110(1-3):151-171
We compared breeding avian communities among 11 habitat types in north-central Michoacán, Mexico, to determine patterns of forest use by endemic and nonendemic resident species. Point counts of birds and vegetation measurements were conducted at 124 sampling localities from May through July, in 1994 and 1995. Six native forest types sampled were pine, pine–oak, oak–pine, oak, fir, and cloud forests; three habitat types were plantations of Eucalyptus, pine, and mixed species; and the remaining two habitats were shrublands and pastures. Pastures had lower bird-species richness and abundance than pine, oak–pine, and mixed-species plantations. Pine forests had greater bird abundance and species richness than oak forests and shrublands. Species richness and abundance of endemics were greatest in fir forests, followed by cloud forests. Bird abundance and richness significantly increased with greater tree-layer complexity, although sites with intermediate tree complexity also supported high abundances. When detrended correspondence-analysis scores were plotted for each site, bird species composition did not differ substantially among the four native oak-and-pine forest types, but cloud and fir forests, Eucalyptus plantations, and mixed-species plantations formed relatively distinct groups. Plantations supported a mixture of species found in native forests, shrublands, and pastures. Pastures and shrublands shared many species in common, varied greatly among sites in bird-species composition, and contained more species specific to these habitats than did forest types. 相似文献
84.
Inga Mewis und Ch. Ulrichs 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1999,72(5):113-121
The present study examined the morphological and physiological effects of amorphous diatomaceous earth against the stored
product pestsS. granarius, T. molitor andT. confusum. Diatomaceous earth, namely Fossil Shield? and Dryacide? increased the mortality rate of this insects. After contact with Fossil Shield? the individuals ofS. granarius had significant lost of weight and reduced their water content respectively. This showed that silica dusts break the water
barrier of the cuticle. However, it increases the transpiration rate of water across the cuticle and the insect died past
several times through dehydration. As well, an addition of food affected the effectiveness of dusts against insects. A lot
of stored product beetles will be able to produce metabolic water of feed substrates. This ability protects and weaves contrary
to the loss of water. Diatomaceous earth’s can be effective primarily through the sorptive properties of the hygroscopic particles.
One day after dust treatment a significant weight loss ofT. molitor pupae was recorded. The exposure to the silica dust Fossil Shield? caused partly an incomplete metamorphosis and death of the individuals. Pupae dipped in Fossil Shield? or abrasive aluminium dust and rolled for further five minutes, reduced not significant higher their weight as unrolled exuvial
stages. The morphological analyses of treated insects under the Scanning Electron Microscope showed, that the dust covered
the hole integument. Partly, the silica particles sunk into the cuticle. After application of Fossil Shield? at the cuticle of adults,T. molitor, did not show any wax layer. Also it could not be found once blocked by stigma of the mealworm. The dust particles accumulated
around the respiration openings and they partly overgrew.
相似文献
85.
Elva Mayra Toledo‐Cuevas Francisco J Moyano López Dariel Tovar Ramírez Carlos A Strüssmann Carlos Alfonso Álvarez‐González Carlos Cristian Martínez‐Chávez Carlos A Martínez‐Palacios 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):776-786
The early development of the digestive biochemistry of three cultured Atherinopsids (two Odontesthes species and Chirostoma estor) was investigated. Relatively high lipolytic and high alkaline proteolytic activities were found in all species. In addition, gene expression of lipase and trypsin during the early development of C. estor not only indicates an early onset of the lipase activity but also demonstrates a major importance of protein digestion in this species. However, despite all of them share similar habitats, differences in their digestive activities were evident. The rise in the activities of brush border membrane enzymes correlated with the decrease in cytosolic activities, used as indicator of maturation of the digestive tract, was detected in both species of Odontesthes at 9 weeks after hatching. In contrast, no similar signs were measured in C. estor, this being in agreement to the long weaning period (nearly 5 months) reported for this species. 相似文献
86.
Jorge Dresdner Carlos Chávez Miguel Quiroga Daniel Jiménez Paulina Artacho Alfredo Tello 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2019,23(1):1-27
We measure the impact that sanitary treatments that control ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi abundance have on unit production costs of Salmo salar farms in Chile. We follow complete production cycles for a sample of farms between 2009 and 2015. We estimate a simultaneous salmon biomass growth and Caligus abundance model. The statistical analysis determines the effect of antiparasitic treatments, location of farms, environmental conditions and Caligus abundance on the salmon growth profile. Using outside cost information, we simulate how unit production costs vary by treatment and farm characteristics. Our results suggest that unit production costs increase on average by $1.4?US/kg with Caligus and treatments. Treatment costs are compensated by higher harvesting levels, and unit production costs are invariant to the situation without treatment. All estimated effects differ depending on farm’s environmental and spatial conditions, suggesting that the design of cost-effective intervention calls for discriminatory regulation under heterogeneous conditions. 相似文献
87.
Paolo Cocci Francesco Alessandro Palermo Stefania Pucciarelli Antonino Miano Massimiliano Cuccioloni Mauro Angeletti Alessandra Roncarati Gilberto Mosconi 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(4):389-399
Vitellogenin (Vtg) has proven to be a sensitive and simple biomarker in determining sex, sexual maturity, and xenoestrogenic effects in fish. Thus, our investigation has been focused on identification, partial characterization, and quantification of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) Vtg through the use of a variety of biochemical and immunological analytical techniques. Mullet is considered both a promising aquaculture candidate and an important species for improving sediment quality in polyculture systems. In the first part of this work, grey mullet Vtg was purified from plasma of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced male fish by a one-step chromatographic protocol, and partially characterized. Specific polyclonal antibodies were then raised against the mullet Vtg, and both an indirect ELISA and an optical immunosensor were set up and validated to quantify plasma Vtg. The indirect ELISA and the optical immunosensor assay developed showed linear measuring in the range 56.8–1047.1 ng mL−1 and 70–739 ng mL−1 Vtg concentrations in standard solutions, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the indirect ELISA allows Vtg detection over a wide dynamic range, thus resulting more suitable for rapid and sensitive sample screening. Therefore, we suggest that the direct immunosensor is a promising tool which needs more investigation to improve the sensitivity. 相似文献
88.
Martins ML Vieira FN Jerônimo GT Mouriño JL Dotta G Speck GM Bezerra AJ Pedrotti FS Buglione-Neto CC Pereira G 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(1):219-222
This study evaluated the total and differential leukocyte counting and the phagocytic activity in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus experimentally injected with Enterococcus sp. in the swim bladder. Fish were distributed in four treatments in triplicates of non-injected fish, fish injected with
1 ml of sterile saline solution 0.65%, and fish injected with 1 × 103 and 1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU) of Enterococcus diluted in 1 ml sterile saline. Twenty-four hours after injection, the fish were anesthetized and the blood collected for
white blood cell (WBC) counts, differential counting of WBC, and phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes. The increased numbers
of WBC and lymphocytes were followed by decreased number of monocyte after infection. The percentages of phagocytic activities
in the blood were 55.3 and 55.9%, respectively, in tilapia injected with 1 × 103 and 1 × 106 CFU/ml. 相似文献
89.
M. Enríquez-Díaz S. Pouvreau J. Chávez-Villalba M. Le Pennec 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(5):491-506
The progress of gametogenesis was studied in oysters Crassostrea gigas having the same origin (Tremblade), but cultured during 1 year in two distinctive French marine areas, the Baie des Veys
and Marennes-Oléron. We assessed seasonal changes in the reproduction cycle on the basis of stereological techniques to estimate
reproductive investment and measurement of gonad evolution area by quantitative histology. From a qualitative point of view,
both oyster groups presented typical reproductive stages, but showed differential timing, in particular during the sequence
of spawning and duration of the re-absorption stage. Oysters in Baie des Veys had a single partial spawning in August and
a re-absorption stage that extended until winter. Oysters in Merennes-Oléron had a partial spawning in July and massive release
of gametes during August. Spawnings in both the areas were related to maximum temperature (19°C). The quantitative analysis
showed, on an annual basis, a higher reproductive investment by oysters from Baie des Veys, 86% against 53% in the other group.
Larger gonads, higher gamete production, and more intensive spawning were the characteristics of oysters in Baie des Veys.
Recently, the reproduction pattern and investment has been related with summer mortalities; therefore, a quantitative understanding
of reproductive processes becomes necessary for C. gigas. Environmental conditions at each site may explain differences in the progress and intensity of gametogenesis. While temperature
regulated the time and speed of gametogenesis, results suggest that the intensity was influenced by the quantity of available
food but may need further research. However, nutrient recycling from unreleased gametes in the gonads of oysters from Baie
des Vey is a factor to be considered in the results of this study. 相似文献
90.
J. Kittler H. Krüger U. Lohwasser D. Ulrich B. Zeiger W. Schütze Ch. Böttcher G. Gudi U. Kästner F. Marthe 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(3):745-757
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is a well-known aromatic and medicinal plant. Because of its proven sedative, spasmolytic and antiviral effects, it is often used in watery or alcoholic extracts for self-medication or pharmaceutical purposes. Its therapeutic effect is due to the content of essential oil and rosmarinic acid. A set of 28 balm accessions was evaluated for the variability of essential oil content and composition and the content of rosmarinic acid. For analysis of secondary metabolites distillation, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography was used. The content of essential oil in the first cut of the years 2009 and 2010 varied in this study in a range between 0.02 and 0.48% and in the second cut between 0.01 and 0.72%. The rosmarinic acid content of the collection ranged in the year 2009 for the first cut from 3.99 to 8.78% and in the second cut from 2.45 to 6.78%. Ploidy was determined for all accessions and two cytotypes were found: diploid 2n = 2x = 32 (15 accessions), tetraploid 2n = 4x = 64 (13 accessions). Via statistical analyses two chemotypes of essential oil were found: chemotype citral and chemotype germacrene D. 相似文献