Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.     

Genetic correlations among reproductive traits and uterine dimensions in mice

The objective of this experiment was to identify relationships among reproductive and uterine traits in mice having normal or crowded uterine conditions. Littermate females were randomly assigned to be either unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) or to remain intact (C) and to be killed either 3 d after mating (PM) or 4 d after parturition (PP) in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Measurements taken were ovulation rate (OR) and uterine length (UL), wet weight (UWW), dry weight (UDW) and displacement (UDP) in PM females and number born (NB) and implantation rate (IMP) in PP females. Heritability estimates from full-sib correlations were .18, .01, .33, .04, .14, .47 and .06 for OR, IMP, NB, UL, UWW, UDW and UDP, respectively. Phenotypic correlations among uterine measurements were moderate to high and positive. Genetic correlations for C and ULO females for OR with NB were .62 and .73, respectively. Genetic correlations between C and ULO females were .53 for NB and 1.05 for OR. Genetic correlations of UL and UWW with NB were high for C (.70 and .59, respectively) and moderate for ULO (.47 and .36, respectively). Genetic correlations between NB and other uterine dimensions were lower.     

日粮添加免疫生长促进剂C96对雏鸡若干血液指标的影响

选择１２０只１日龄ＡＡ商品健康雏鸡,随机分为４组,每组３０只。初步观察了日粮添加免疫生长促进剂Ｃ９６对血液中红细胞总数（ＲＢＣ）、比容（ＰＣＶ）、血红蛋白含量（Ｈｂ）、网织红细胞比例（ＲＣＣ）、白细胞总数（ＷＢＣ）等的影响。结果表明：肉雏鸡在１５ｄ时,日粮添加Ｃ９６为１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲料的Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组,与对照组和疫苗组比较,ＲＢＣ和Ｈｂ增高,ＷＢＣ显著下降,ＲＣＣ降低,ＰＣＶ无明显规律性变化;３０ｄ和４５ｄ时,添加Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组的ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ和ＰＣＶ,与对照组和疫苗组基本相近,ＷＢＣ和ＲＣＣ均比对照组和疫苗组低或明显低。但３０ｄ时疫苗组的ＷＢＣ比对照组高。整个试验期,ＲＢＣ、ＷＢＣ和ＰＣＶ随日龄的增长呈上升趋势,ＲＣＣ呈波动性下降。     

雏鸡感染传染性法氏囊病病毒后血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α和花生四烯酸代谢物的动态变化

选取经传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)弱毒苗免疫和未免疫的AA 鸡120 羽,研究了感染IBDV 强毒后血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和花生四烯酸代谢物水平的动态变化及相互关系。结果表明,攻毒后第1 天,未免疫攻毒鸡(A 组)血浆TNF-α即表现较大的变化,至第3 天,A 组和免疫攻毒鸡(B组)TNF-α显著高于未免疫未攻毒鸡(C组),至第5 天3 个组虽均下降,但A 组仍高于或明显高于B、C组,以后3 组间无明显差异;攻毒后的3～5 d,A 组血浆前列腺素E(PGE2 )上升或明显上升,高于或明显高于B、C组,B组虽也见上升但与C组无明显差异,5 d 后3 组均下降,同期各组相比无明显差异;血栓素B2 (TXB2 )除在攻毒后第3 天C组明显高于A、B组以及攻毒前水平外,其他时间各组间无显著差异;A、B组的6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)在攻毒后头5 d 内升高,但组间无差异。分析3 组TNF-α与几种花生四烯酸代谢物水平间的相关性发现,仅A 组的TNF-α分别与PGE2 、TXB2 和6-keto-PGF1α呈显著正相关。     

内蒙古阿拉善草地毒草灾害调查与控制对策

内蒙古阿拉善草地毒草灾害一直困扰着当地畜牧业的发展.采用以现场走访和查阅文献相结合的方式,对阿拉善草地毒草灾害的历史和现状、毒草灾害造成的损失、毒草种类和地理分布、主要毒草生物学特性等进行调查,提出草地毒草灾害控制对策.结果表明,阿拉善草地牲畜毒草中毒发病率高达60%,病死率为30%;形成优势种群的毒草有14种,其中造...     

Relationship of ruminal temperature with parturition and estrus of beef cows

Spring-calving Angus cows (n = 30) were used to evaluate changes in ruminal temperature (RuT) related to parturition and estrus. Cows were synchronized and artificially inseminated with semen from a single sire. Temperature boluses were placed in the rumen at 7.0 ± 0.2 mo of gestation. Boluses were programmed to transmit RuT every 15 min. Cows (BW = 623 ± 44 kg, BCS = 4.9 ± 0.4) calved during 3 wk, and estrus was synchronized at 77 ± 7 d after calving with PGF(2α). Cows were observed every 12 h to detect estrus. Daily average ambient temperatures ranged from 2 to 22 °C during parturition (February to March) and 17 to 25 °C during estrus (May to June). Ruminal temperature from 7 d before to 3 d after parturition and 2 d before to 2 d after visual detection of estrus was analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Ruminal temperatures <37.72 °C were attributed to water consumption and excluded from analyses. Day did not influence (P = 0.36) RuT from d -2 to -7 before parturition (38.94 ± 0.05 °C). Ruminal temperature decreased (P < 0.001) from d -2 to d -1 before parturition (38.88 ± 0.05 to 38.55 ± 0.05 °C, respectively). Ruminal temperature was not influenced (P = 0.23) by day from 1 d before to 3 d after parturition (38.49 ± 0.05 °C). Ruminal temperature at 0 to 8 h after detection of estrus (38.98 ± 0.09 °C) was greater (P < 0.001) compared with RuT at the same daily hour of the day before (38.37 ± 0.11 °C) or the day after estrus (38.30 ± 0.09 °C). Ambient temperature did not influence (P > 0.30) RuT at parturition or estrus. Ruminal temperature decreased the day before parturition and increased at estrus in spring-calving beef cows and has potential use as a predictor of parturition and estrus.     

添加阿拉伯半乳聚糖或聚蔗糖对牛取样胚胎冷冻效果的影响

胚胎取样后由于透明带受损、细胞数减少使得冷冻存活率低于常规胚胎,本试验通过在冷冻液中添加聚蔗糖和阿拉伯半乳聚糖分析其对取样胚胎冷冻效果的影响。通过将各种冷冻液的胚胎回收率、培养24和48 h发育率同对照组进行比较,结果发现,在阿拉伯半乳聚糖系列冷冻液中,0.03 EAS₁冷冻效果最好;在聚蔗糖系列冷冻液中,0.6 EFS₁冷冻效果最好,且移植妊娠结果同培养结果一致。     

不同氮添加对入侵植物瘤突苍耳和本地近缘植物苍耳及两者杂交种的生长影响

土壤养分对外来植物入侵过程的影响是入侵生物学研究的一个热点,但土壤养分对入侵植物和本地植物杂交后代植株特性的影响鲜有报道。本研究采用盆栽实验,通过添加不同浓度的N,改变土壤养分,比较入侵植物瘤突苍耳和本地近缘植物苍耳及两者的杂交种(杂交瘤突苍耳和杂交苍耳)在植物形态、生物量及分配、植株生长和叶片光合特性等方面的差异,探讨这些差异与入侵性的关系。结果表明,氮添加显著提高了瘤突苍耳、苍耳和杂交种的茎粗、总叶面积、总生物量、根生物量、茎生物量、根生物量比和根冠比,显著降低了4种植株的叶根比;瘤突苍耳各指标随氮含量增加而变化明显,苍耳和杂交苍耳的茎生物量比和叶生物量比下降显著;瘤突苍耳的净同化速率在不同氮处理下均显著高于苍耳,但叶面积比均显著低于苍耳;杂交后代植株的相对生长速率、净同化速率和平均叶面积比在各氮处理间均高于各母本的后代植株,同时杂交瘤突苍耳植株的各生物量指标和生长指标均显著高于杂交苍耳植株。由此可见,1)当养分是限制条件时,入侵植物瘤突苍耳相对于本地植物苍耳将较多生物量分配到根系,这种分配策略反映入侵植物对低养分环境有较高的适应性;2)以瘤突苍耳为母本的杂交后代植株较以苍耳为母本的杂交后代植株具有较强生长能力和繁殖能力,可以进一步加强其入侵。