β-环糊精对毒死蜱的分子识别研究

为研究β-环糊精(β-Cyclodextrin, β-CD)在农药高效利用和环境保护等领域中应用的可行性,本试验采用研磨法、超声波法和饱和水溶液法制备了β-CD与毒死蜱的包合物,并利用紫外光谱、差示热分析和红外光谱法分析验证了包合物的形成以及毒死蜱在β-CD溶液中的包结行为。结果表明饱和水溶液法的包合效果最佳,包合率达到45.8%;最佳条件为：投料比为1：1（摩尔比）,恒温搅拌时间为3h,包合温度为60℃;验证结果表明反应形成了包合比为1：1的包合物,且稳定常数为K=33.33 L/mol,吉布斯函数△G =-8.69 KJ/mol;本试验证明了β-CD能够对毒死蜱产生包合作用,毒死蜱分子部分功能基团进入了β-CD空腔,并形成了稳定包合物。     

饼肥与沼渣配比对烤烟生长发育及其内在品质的影响

采用室内分析与大田试验相结合的方法,研究分析了沼渣与饼肥不同配合比例对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响。结果表明:在饼肥与沼渣氮素含量1∶1施用时,可以增加烟株叶片数、株高、叶长和叶宽,提高烟株的抗病性,促进烤烟生长发育,缩短烤烟生育期1~6 d;根、叶和全株干物质重量在饼肥与沼渣不同配比处理间的差异达到5%的显著水平,茎干物质重在处理间差异不显著;饼肥氮素含量较高的处理烟株干物质含量较高,烟叶产量和产值也较高;沼渣氮素含量较高的处理烟叶均价和等级结构较高;饼肥与沼渣氮含量1∶1施用能够兼顾烤烟产值和等级结构,还可以提高烟叶外观质量,增强烤烟内在化学成分协调性,改善感官评吸的香气质和香气量等。     

Dynamical niche sets-based cooperativeevolutionary algorithm for job shop scheduling

Job shop scheduling is an important part of manufacturing process. Pre-mature, local optimal solution or low convergence rate of Genetic Algorithm may come across in solving scheduling problem in multi-Job shop. To avoid those unhealthy tendencies, this paper introduced the Dynamical Niche Sets-based Cooperative Evolutionary Algorithm model.In the Algorithm, Process-based chromosome encoding method was used; the crossover operator and mutation operator were designed to adjust operation sequences and choose process routes. The cooperative scheduling problem in multi-Job shop was solved using dynamical niche sets technology and multi-population cooperative evolution method. The Experiment result shows the proposed method has good advantages.     

不同覆盖方式对烤烟成熟期根系活力和叶片衰老特性的影响

以烤烟K326为试材,在大田条件下研究了前膜后草、地膜覆盖、无覆盖3种不同覆盖方式下烤烟成熟期根系活力和叶片衰老特性变化.结果表明,与常规栽培相比,前膜后草覆盖方式下,烤烟成熟期根系活力显著提高,叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量较高,叶片保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性较强,MDA含量较低,烤烟衰老速度缓慢,延长烤烟成熟期,提高烤烟经济性状;而地膜覆盖方式下,烤烟根系活力降低,叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量急剧下降,叶片保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性下降,烤烟膜脂过氧化程度加剧,烤烟衰老速度加快.     

青海12号蚕豆栽培技术优化研究

采用二次饱和D－最优化设计,以肥料（x1）、密度（x2）与打顶期（x3）等3项蚕豆主要农艺措施为试验变量,建立青海12号蚕豆产量与主要变量的数学模型,以模型为基础,分析各因素对青海12号蚕豆产量的影响效应,并决策优化栽培方案,为丰产栽培技术规范制定提供依据。     

甘蔗组培裸根苗小拱棚大田移栽技术试验报告

为了提高甘蔗组培裸根苗在不同季节的大田移栽成活率,通过搭建小拱棚对‘新台糖22号’甘蔗脱毒组培裸根苗进行栽培。比较不同增殖苗处理方式和小拱棚顶部不同透气孔的设置、不同假植天数及不同季节对甘蔗组培裸根苗大田移栽成活生长的影响。研究缩短甘蔗组培苗育苗周期的同时又能提高甘蔗组培苗的大田移栽成活率及生长速度的方法。结果表明：不同增殖苗处理方式之间的成活生长差异不显著;移栽当天在小拱棚顶部设置直径1~2 cm的透气孔,裸根苗移栽成活率可高达93.5%,与对照差异达到极显著水平;假植天数为20~40天,每年的2月至10月均适合运用小拱棚进行甘蔗组培裸根苗的大田移栽。从根本上达到了缩短育苗周期,减少中间生产环节,降低育苗成本的目的。     

Texture measurement of cabbages using an acoustical vibration method

Textures of six cabbage cultivars were quantified using an acoustical vibration technique. A sample of four outer leaves of a cabbage was penetrated using a probe. The acoustical vibration signals were measured during penetration using a piezoelectric sensor. A new texture index (TI), the “energy density”, was introduced, which was determined by the integration of squared amplitudes of texture signals multiplied by a factor of a frequency band. This TI enabled evaluation of acoustical signals in the high-frequency region (>1000 Hz) more sensitively than the previously used index (“amplitude density”), which was determined by the integration of texture signal amplitudes. Significant differences in TI among the cultivars were obtained by using ANOVA, especially between a spring and a winter cabbage. We also examined cabbages that had been stored under 4 °C for 10 or 19 d. Most TI readings increased after the storage. These results provide useful information related to the shelf-life of cabbages.     

Influence of soil-drying under field conditions on exchangeable manganese,cobalt, and copper contents

Abstract

The changes in the exchangeable Mn (Ex-Mn), exchangeable Co (Ex-Co), and exchangeable Cu (Ex-Cu) contents by air-drying of soils were reported in our previous paper. The drying effect, however, was not analyzed in the field. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of soil-drying under field conditions on Ex-Mn, Ex-Co, and Ex-Cu levels. Two paddy soils (Tsukuba and Yawara) were collected at four different soil depths (0?1, 1?5, 5?10, and 10?20 cm) under three different soil moisture conditions i.e., after harvest, after successive sunny days and after rainy days. After sunny days, Ex-Mn and Ex-Co contents in the surface soil layer markedly increased and drastically decreased after rainfall, while they remained almost unchanged in the lower soil layers. Ex-Cu contents slightly increased in the surface soil layer after sunny days. A similar tendency was observed in soil column experiments. The contents of Ex-Mn, Ex-Co, and Ex-Cu increased 12, 12, and 2 times in the upper layer of soil columns that had been sampled from the Yawara field and stored in a dark room for 8 d. The increase of the Ex-Mn and Ex-Co contents in the upper layer could not be explained by the capillary rise of soil water from the lower layers of the columns. In a soil-drying experiment under laboratory conditions, Ex-Mn and Ex-Co contents began to increase when the water content of the Yawara soil was lower than 0.09?0.13 kg kg^?1. The water content of the surface soil of the Yawara field after sunny days was 0.08 kg kg^?1. Ex-Cu content did not change apprecially with the water content. It is concluded that the increase of the Ex-Mn and Ex-Co levels in field surface soils after sunny days can be ascribed to soil-drying. Some of the excess Ex-Mn and Ex-Co is expected to leach down into lower layers due to rain, which may contribute to plant uptake of Mn and Co.     

磷酰胺除草剂APM诱导洋葱根尖分生组织细胞异常有丝分裂和蛋白质组分变化

研究了不同浓度APM(4～6 μmol/L)和不同处理时间(4～6 h)对洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响.结果表明,当用5.6 μmol/L APM处理洋葱分生组织16 h后,中期细胞有丝分裂指数(Met.Ⅰ)从0.8(对照)分别提高至5.0、5.2.结果也同时表明,当APM浓度超过4 μmol/L时,严重影响细胞有丝分裂.在根尖细胞中,多极分裂细胞(尤其是3～4级),中期染色     

Characteristics of brown forest soils developed under beech forests in the kinki and the tohoku districts with special reference to their pedogenetic processes

Abstract

Properties of sesquioxides, clay mineralogical composition, and charge characteristics of Brown Forest soils developed under beech forests in the Kinki (Ohdaigahara) and the Tohoku District (Hakkoda) were studied with special reference to their pedogenetic processes.

The Brown Forest soils in the Kinki District were characterized by the translocation of free Al, formation of Al and/or Fe-humus complexes throughout the profile, and the predominance of 2:1: 1-2:1 intergrade minerals in the subsurface horizons, whereas those in the Tohoku District were characterized by the formation of allophane and no remarkable translocation of free Al oxides. This difference in the pedogenetic processes under the same vegetation was reflected on the amounts of Al released from primary minerals in relation to the amounts of organic matter accumulated. Major distinctive characteristics included the values of the Alp/Alo, the Fep/Feo, the Alo/Ald ratios, the Sio content, and the STPT-ZPC and pH(H₂O) values.

Among these the values of the Alo/Ald ratio and/or the Sio content were found to be suitable indices for the differentiation of Brown Forest soils from Andisols in Japan In addition to the criteria used to define andic soil properties.