基于生物量分配格局的植物生长策略研究进展

由于植物的生物量是其获取外界资源的基础,生物量分配是植物对资源利用最大化的一种生长策略,探讨了不同环境下的生长策略有助于预测未来环境变化下植物的生长和分布趋势.分别从自然环境和人为干扰两种因素下综述了植物在不同生态条件下生物量的分配格局,总结了在不同生长条件下植物各构件生物量分配差异,阐述了植物通过改变地上与地下部分,...     

小麦抗蚜品种的遗传多样性SSR标记分析

分析小麦抗蚜品种(系)的遗传多样性,为进一步培育和推广抗蚜品种提供依据。在田间对956份小麦品种(系)损失率鉴定结果的基础上,取47份年度间鉴定抗性结果较为一致的材料,按损失率大小,由小到大排列起来,利用筛选的18对多态性SSR标记检测了参试材料的遗传多态性。结果表明,18对SSR标记在47份不同抗性品种中检测到99个等位基因,能够将所有品种区分开来,每对引物可以检测到1~10个等位基因,平均为5.21个。47个小麦品种间的相对遗传距离在0.33~0.94之间,平均为0.65。高抗品种间相对遗传距离平均为0.59(0.39~0.77);中抗品种间的相对遗传距离平均为0.62(0.39~0.83);感虫品种间的相对遗传距离平均为0.62(0.37~0.83);高感品种间的相对遗传距离平均为0.64(0.37~0.84)。SSR标记聚类分析在相对遗传距离为0.67处将供试材料分为7大类群。选育和推广抗虫品种时尽可能选择聚类图中亲缘关系较远的材料。抗虫品种‘临远95-5322’单独聚为一类,同其余品种具有较远的亲缘关系,可作为新的抗源用于抗虫育种。     

黄杨绢野螟的生物学研究

黄杨绢野螟（Diaphania perspectalis(Walker)是园林中多种黄杨Buxus spp．的食叶害虫，暴发时可吃光叶片，甚至造成大量植株死亡。此虫体色有黑白和全黑二型。一年发生4代(局部个体一年发生1～3代)，以幼虫缀合叶片成果越冬，次年春暖后恢复取食，4月下旬越冬代成虫开始出现。第1、2、3代成虫分别于6月上旬、7月下旬、9月上旬开始出现。幼虫6～8龄，有兼性滞育现象，1～3代均有部分个体滞育。与4代幼虫一起越冬。此虫各虫态有多种天敌：幼虫期育出甲腹茧蜂Chelonus sp．、绢野螟长绒茧蜂Dolichogenidea stantoni(Ashmead)，蛹期育出广大腿小蜂Brachymeria lasus(Walker)，并采到捕食卵粒的纹蓟马Aeolothrips sp．和多种捕食幼虫和成虫的游猎性蜘蛛(种属待查)。保护天敌对控制黄杨绢野螟的为害有重要意义。     

氮磷钾对燕麦产量和品质的影响研究进展

燕麦的产量和品质不仅由其本身的遗传特性决定,同时还受外界环境的影响.肥料是影响燕麦生长发育最活跃的环境因子,施肥量的多少和如何配比直接影响燕麦的生长发育状况、产量和品质.氮磷钾是燕麦生长发育过程中必需的3大营养元素.为此,综述了近年来国内外有关氮磷钾用量和配比对燕麦生长发育、产量和品质影响的研究状况,并阐述了需要进一步研究的问题.     

大豆光合午休原因的分析

研究了大豆光合午休过程中有关生理生态因素与光合速率的函数关系，并对叶温、叶片-大气水汽压亏缺（VPD）、气孔导度与光合速率之间的关系进行了通径分析。结果表明在光合午休的13：00时与15：00时这两个时刻，光合速率与VPD、叶温和气孔阻力呈极显著负相关，15：00时光合速率随VPD和叶温上升而下降的速率要大于13：00时的下     

简述湿地公园总体布局及其保护对策

从3个方面分别介绍了吉林扶余大金碑湿地公园的概况、总体规划布局及保护利用对策。     

Effects of diatom concentration in prepared feeds on growth and energy budget of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Eight test diets were used in the experiment: seven fresh diatom (Cylindrotheca fusiformis) diets in which diatom occupied 100%, 83.3%, 50%, 33.3%, 20%, 14.3% and 11.1% in dry matter of the feeds (marked as D100, D83, D50, D33, D20, D14 and D11), and a formulated diet (70% Sargassum thunbergii powder, 20% sea mud and 10% fish meal, based on dry weight, marked as ST). The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGRs) of the animals fed diets D33, D20, D14 and D11 were not significantly different from the SGR of those fed diet ST. However, the energy allocated to growth for the animals fed with diet D14 was twice that of diet ST. For sea cucumbers fed diet D14 the largest expenditure part was allocated to respiration (55.4%), but for those fed diet ST, the largest part was allocated to faeces (62.7%). The organic content of diet D14 was also much lower than that of diet ST. Frozen diatom diets containing 14% (dry matter weight) fresh diatom could be an environmentally friendly feed as an alternative option for macroalgae powder.     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

昆虫对双酰胺类杀虫剂抗性机制研究进展

双酰胺类杀虫剂是以昆虫鱼尼丁受体为作用靶标的新型杀虫剂,由于其作用机制独特,对多种鳞翅目害虫具有良好的防治效果而得到广泛应用。但已经有多种害虫的田间种群对该类药剂产生了抗性,甚至导致田间防治失败。本文在综述昆虫对双酰胺类杀虫剂抗性现状的基础上,重点总结了抗性机制方面的最新研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为进一步深入研究双酰胺类杀虫剂的抗性机制提供借鉴。     

磁场对柴胡种子萌发及幼苗抗逆性的影响

研究不同强度、不同作用时间的磁场处理对柴胡种子萌发及幼苗抗逆性的影响,为柴胡人工栽培提供科学依据。采用双层滤纸培养法,将处理后的柴胡种子置于25℃恒温40%光照的培养箱中培养,观察柴胡种子的发芽率、发芽势、株高,测定幼苗幼叶中叶绿素含量、CAT、POD、SOD酶活性。多数经磁场处理的柴胡种子发芽率、发芽势及幼叶中的CAT、POD、SOD活性高于对照,100 mT 55 min处理的发芽率、POD、SOD活性最高。柴胡种子放置时间越长,种子活力越低。适当的磁场处理,能显著促进柴胡种子的萌发,提高柴胡幼苗的抗逆性,对柴胡的人工栽培有一定的指导意义。