激素诱乳技术推广应用及其效益分析

１９８７～１９９３年７年间用＂诱乳激素＂处理空怀奶牛１３０２头次，诱乳成功率达８６．ｌ％，并有８１．６％的牛恢复正常的生理周期，配种后的受胎率达７７．４％，直接经济效益为１５０余万元。本试验表明，对因饲养管理，生殖疾病等原因引起不孕及无乳的成年母牛，用＂诱乳激素＂进行人工诱乳是完全可行的且经济效益是十分显著的。     

Regulation of early flowering in Pinus banksiana

Seedlings of three families of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were subjected to 16 combinations of photoperiod, growth environment (outdoors, greenhouse and biotron) and gibberellin (GA(4/7)) treatment. After 14 months, which included two dormancy induction periods, ovulate flowering was observed. There was a strong positive correlation between flowering and seedling height; female flower production was stimulated by both a declining photoperiod during bud development and GA(4/7) treatment; and there was an interaction between GA(4/7) treatment and family, such that the difference in flowering intensity between a late-flowering and an early-flowering family was eliminated by GA(4/7) treatment. The results suggest that the genetic control over the time of onset of flowering, and GA(4/7)-induction of flowering depend on a common mechanism.     

以电导法配合Log istic方程确定茶梅‘小玫瑰’的抗寒性

 摘　要: 以不同处理时间、不同低温处理下茶梅‘小玫瑰’叶片的电解质外渗率(REC) 变化作曲线,并结合Logistic方程分别计算茶梅的半致死温度(LT50 ) , 结果发现在低温处理6 h以上, 茶梅叶片的REC均随着处理温度的降低而呈“S”形上升, 由此计算出“S”形拐点对应的温度即为茶梅叶片的LT50 , 其温度值在- 1215℃至- 14℃之间, 这可认为是茶梅抗寒能力的重要指标。关键词:     

桃果实絮败机理及减缓措施

桃果实在8℃以下的低温环境中贮藏2周以上极易受冷害,后熟过程中表现出果肉质地发绵、汁液减少等 絮败现象。絮败的产生主要是果胶甲酯酶(PE)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性变化不平衡导致果胶质正常降解受 阻,形成凝胶所致。综述了近年来对于桃和油桃絮败机理方面的研究成果,从絮败发生的机理、絮败程度检测以及在 低温贮藏中如何减缓絮败发生的措施等方面进行了论述。认为影响桃果实絮败的主要因素是贮藏温度、品种、成熟 度等。絮败的评价主要用出汁率等方法,在贮藏中可以采用气调、中途加温、外源乙烯处理、延期贮藏等措施减缓絮 败发生。提出了需要近一步研究的内容。     

不同化学物质打破葡萄、桃休眠的研究

以保护地栽培的葡萄、桃为试材,对氰氨类、细胞分裂素、赤霉酸和KNO3打破休眠的效果进行了研究。结果表明,1.5%单氰氨、11%石灰氮可明显促使葡萄提前萌芽,提早着色9-10d;50mg/LGA3和100mg/L6-BA对打破休眠基本无效。TDZ与单氰氨混用提高萌芽率的效果最好。在2个葡萄品种上,均没有观察到单氰氨或石灰氮处理对果穗或果实品质性状的不良影响。在华光油桃上,没有观察到化学物质对提早开花或成熟有明显的作用。对葡萄和桃上应用化学物质打破休眠的有关问题进行了讨论。     

高等学校法律地位研究

从考察我国高等学校法律地位的理论与现状入手,分析了高等学校在法律地位上存在的问题,探讨了高等学校的教育权,认为：当前我国高等学校的法律地位主要取决于高校自身所具有的多种社会职能,以及由多种社会职能所必然带来的法律特征.     

Importance of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Produced by Fusarium graminearum during Infection of Wheat Heads

Cytological studies were carried out to elucidate the importance of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) during infection of wheat spikes by Fusarium graminearum. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that at 6–24 hours after inoculation (hai) of single spikelets with macroconidia of F. graminearum, the fungus germinated by forming several germ tubes and developed a dense hyphal network in the cavity of the spikelet. At 24–36hai, the fungus formed infection hyphae which invaded the ovary and inner surface of the lemma and palea. Transmission electron microscopical studies revealed that the fungus extended inter- and intracellularly in the ovary, lemma and rachis and caused considerable damage and alterations to the host cell walls. In different tissues of healthy and F. graminearum-infected wheat spikes the cell wall components cellulose, xylan and pectin were localized by means of enzyme-gold and immuno-gold labelling techniques. Localization of cellulose, xylan and pectin showed that host cell walls which were in direct contact with the pathogen surface had reduced gold labelling compared to considerable higher labelling densities of walls distant from the pathogen–host interface or in non-colonized tissues. The reduced gold labelling densities in the infected host cell walls indicate that these polysaccharide degrading enzymes might be important pathogenicity factors of F. graminearum during infection of wheat spikes. The results revealed that, infection and colonization of wheat spikes by F. graminearum and reactions of infected host tissue were similar to those reported for F. culmorum.     

阿维菌素对十字花科蔬菜主要害虫的生物活性及防治小菜蛾、菜青虫的田间应用研究

室内毒力测定表明,阿维菌素对菜青虫、小菜蛾、菜蚜有很高的毒力,LC50分别为0.022、0.12和0.28 mg/L;对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的毒力较差,LC50分别为67.56和165.73 mg/L。阿维菌素不影响小菜蛾卵的孵化率。小菜蛾幼虫随虫龄增大,对阿维菌素的敏感性下降。田间试验表明,阿维菌素4 mg/L和8 mg/L对菜青虫和小菜蛾的防效在95%以上,持效期10~15 d。阿维菌素与高效氯氰菊酯(1∶6)、与杀虫单(1∶299)复配对小菜蛾防治有显著的增效作用和良好的田间效果。     

玉米螟赤眼蜂适宜生境的研究和利用:I.玉米螟赤眼蜂在不同生境中的分布与种群消长

本文通过对华北地区有代表性的作物生境，采用人工挂卵的方法，系统调查研究了玉米螟赤眼蜂在１７种生境中的分布和种群动态。结果表明，玉米螟赤眼蜂在不同生境中的分布、发生时间和种群数量有所不同，说明其对生境有一定的选择性。玉米螟赤眼蜂自然种群消长有４个峰，其中以春甘薯田的发生时间最长，种群数量最大，最具代表性。这４个峰在春高粱间作菜豆、春花生、平作夏玉米和夏玉米间作直立型绿豆这４种生境中也不同程度地出现。间作豆科作物可在一定程度上提高玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄生率。玉米螟赤眼蜂种群数量年度间变异较大，特别是干旱的影响最为明显。     

补铬对热应激蛋鸡肾上腺组织结构的影响

试验选择处于热应激条件下的192只35周龄新罗曼褐壳蛋鸡,随机分为6组,分别饲喂添加0.10,20,30,40,50 g/t含铬量为7.410mg/kg的葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)的玉米—豆粕型基础日粮52d。试验结束时随机抽取试验鸡36只(每组6只),取肾上腺称重并制作切片,研究有机铬对热应激蛋鸡肾上腺组织结构的影响。结果试验组肾上腺重量较对照组略有增加;热应激时蛋鸡肾上腺的肾间组织比例增大,肾间组织和嗜铬组织的细胞均有结构受损的现象;补铬使肾间组织比例减小,嗜铬细胞增多,细胞结构完好。