瓦氏雅罗鱼在吉林西部盐碱水体中的适应性分析

为了解瓦氏雅罗鱼对盐碱水体的适应性,在吉林西部盐碱水体三王湖中移入瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii),通过对其生长、食性和生态位的研究,分析其对三王湖的适应情况,并与吉林东部老龙口水库的瓦氏雅罗鱼野生群体相比较.结果显示,两个水体中瓦氏雅罗鱼的生长均属于非等速生长类型中的正异速增长,肥满度指数没有显著性...     

不同近交程度对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)繁殖性能的影响

以本实验室建立的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)全同胞家系为研究对象,通过连续观测6代三疣梭子蟹近交家系的抱卵量、排幼量、孵化率、单位体重抱卵量、单位体重排幼量及幼体发育各阶段的变态率6个指标来评价近交对三疣梭子蟹繁殖性能的影响.方差分析显示,在实验亲蟹的规格大小对测量数据无影响的条件下,近交系数每增加10％,各近交代与非近交代F1m在单位体重抱卵量与单位体重排幼量的差异不显著(P＞0.05),这2个指标的近交衰退系数分别为-2.789％～-6.620％和-1.188％～-5.938％;孵化率的差异也不显著(P＞0.05),衰退系数为-1.859％～-7.222％,表明没有明显的近交衰退;由溞状幼体(Z)阶段、大眼幼体(M)阶段到Ⅱ期幼蟹阶段的变态率变化趋势可知,随着近交代数的增加,各阶段的变态率呈下降趋势.     

Effect of Chitosan on Intestinal Bacteria of Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio,as Depicted by polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

A 16S rDNA‐based polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) method was applied to detect intestinal bacterial communities of juvenile allogynogenetic crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with chitosan‐containing diet. This is the first time to use the molecular method to analyze the bacterial communities in the allogynogenetic crucian carp intestine. The DGGE profile with universal bacterial primers revealed simple communities in all treatment groups. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of excised DGGE bands showed that the dominant bacteria belonged to class γ‐Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. The relative abundance and diversity of detected bacteria suggested that 0.5 and 0.75% of chitosan in diet were optimum for juvenile allogynogenetic crucian carp. As in these concentrations, some detected pathogen bacteria either disappeared or decreased. However, the DGGE profile with Aeromonas‐specific primers showed a similar composition among all treatment groups, which suggested that Aeromonas was one of relative stable bacteria components in the intestine of juvenile allogynogenetic crucian carp.     

天津大神堂海洋特别保护区生境修复初步评价

2012年4月、9月和2013年5月、9月份对渤海湾天津大神堂海洋特别保护区分别进行了大型底栖动物调查,用丰度/生物量比较曲线法分析了6个调查站位的大型底栖动物群落投礁前后受污染扰动的变化状况。结果表明,在调查期间保护区大型底栖动物群落表现出从最初的受到中等程度干扰→趋向于受到干扰→群落状况趋向正常,保护区生态状况已经大有好转,人工生态修复效果初显。     

额尔齐斯河银鲫形态学及COI基因序列分析

采用传统形态学方法和线粒体COI基因序列分析对额尔齐斯河银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)两个群体的形态和遗传差异进行了比较。结果显示:通过对8个可量性状和20个框架数据的主成分分析可以看出,两个群体分别占据两个不相重叠的区域,两个群体在形态上存在明显分化。COI基因序列分析显示,两群体之间遗传距离为0.012,群体间遗传距离是群体内最大遗传距离的4倍,两群体间在编码的氨基酸序列上出现了一处替换,群体遗分化指数值为0.96078,基因流值为0.01,表明群体间缺乏基因交流,群体间有明显的遗传分化。     

江豚线粒体Cyt b和D-loop片段序列分析及其分子系统学研究

对江豚（Neophocaena phocaenoides）mtDNA的Cyt b（377bp）和D—loop（343bp）片段进行了测序和分析,并与GenBank中鼠豚类及一角鲸类同源序列进行了比较。研究结果表明,Cytb基因片段的碱基组成平均为T：29．0％,C：28．8％,A：27．2％,G：15．0％;D—loop片段的碱基组成平均为T：35．9％,C：21．8％,A：32．4％,G：9．9％。Cytb基因片段共出现109个变异位点,简约信息位点107个,序列变异度为28．9％,碱基替代主要发生在密码子第3位点上,转换／颠换为13．3;D—loop片段共有109个变异位点,简约信息位点100个,序列变异度为31．8％,转换／颠换为2．4。构建的系统发育树显示,江豚是鼠豚科中较早分化出来的一个类群,与一角鲸科的亲缘关系最近。2个片段序列的分析结果一致,棘鳍鼠海豚Phocoena spinipinnis、太平洋鼠海豚P．sinus和黑眶鼠海豚Australophocaena dioptria聚为一支。     

Production of inbred larvae through self‐fertilization using oocytes and cryopreserved sperm from the same individuals after sex reversal in eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica can change sex which makes self‐fertilization possible if sperm can be cryopreserved. In this study, small (~1 year old) and large (~2–3 years old) oysters were biopsied for sperm collection. Survival of the biopsied oysters after 1 year was 50% for small oysters and 17% for large oysters. Oocytes were collected from sex‐reversed females, and self‐fertilized with cryopreserved sperm. Of the 24 cryopreserved samples, 14 individuals had ≤1% fertility when crossed with oocytes from unrelated females, indicating that the cryopreserved sperm had reduced fertility. The other 10 individuals had a fertility of 39 ± 25% when crossed with oocytes from unrelated females (non‐selfing), but showed a significantly lower success of self‐fertilization (12 ± 16%) (P = 0.008), while aliquots of the same oocytes had a fertilization of 83 ± 11% when crossing with fresh sperm. Larvae were produced at day 3 in the self‐fertilized families (12–94% of the fertilized oocytes), and survived to eyed‐larvae stage at days 11–14. Genotyping with 9 microsatellite markers confirmed that the larvae resulted from self‐fertilization in four families. This study demonstrated the feasibility of creating self‐fertilized inbred lines of oysters by use of non‐lethal sperm collection and cryopreservation.     

鲤、团头鲂精子生理生态特性的研究──Ⅲ．单糖和渗透压对精子活力的影响

作者观察了鲤、团头鲂精子在０（去离子水）－３００毫渗渗透压的Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－葡萄糖和Ｄ－果糖溶液中的活动情况。结果表明，在这三种单糖溶液里，鲤、团头鲂精子活动的变化规律是一致的。精子快速运动和寿命的时间是以在Ｄ－半乳糖溶液中为最长。这两种鱼精子对这三种单糖的吸收、利用存在差别。     

两种弧菌对菲律宾蛤仔代谢途径影响的比较研究

采用基于核磁共振波谱技术的代谢组学技术,探索菲律宾蛤仔在受到鳗弧菌和灿烂弧菌感染的代谢物变化特征,构建菲律宾蛤仔对弧菌感染后的代谢网络调控图谱,并比较两种弧菌毒性效应的差异。试验结果表明,3种代谢物葡萄糖、谷氨酸、苏氨酸在两种弧菌感染时均发生了变化,表征鳗弧菌感染的代谢物为牛磺酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸;而表征灿烂弧菌污染的代谢物为甜菜碱、二甲基甘氨酸、胆碱、谷氨酸、亚牛磺酸。     

文蛤Clq基因的克隆与表达及其重组蛋白活性的研究

利用构建的文蛤cDNA文库,克隆得到了文蛤Clq基因全长cDNA序列,该序列全长1213bp,5′UTR为316 bp,3′UTR为372bp,开放阅读框长度为525bp,编码174个氨基酸.在文蛤Clq(MmClq)蛋白中,Clq结构域与软体动物、两栖类动物和脊椎动物中的Clq结构域均具有较高的同源性.通过荧光实时定量PCR,MmClq mRNA在所检测的各个组织中均有表达,在肝胰脏中表达量最高.在细菌感染试验中,文蛤受鳗弧菌感染后,Clq相对表达水平有明显的上升调节,注射2h,MmClqmRNA表达量最高,为对照组的2.19倍.包含成熟肽的MmC1q cDNA片段被重组,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,采用牛津杯法对MmClq重组蛋白进行体外抑菌试验,但并未检测到明显的抑菌活性.