Hydraulic Retention Time Influence on Improving Flocculation in the Activated Sludge Processes Through Polyelectrolytes

Hydraulic retention time (HRT) influence improving sludge flocculation with adding the polyelectrolytes (non-ionic, anionic, and cationic) was studied on an activated sludge (AS) system fed with synthetic domestic wastewater (SDW), dairy industry wastewater (DIW), and caramel industry wastewater (CIW). The sludge volumetric index, food/microorganism ratio (F/M), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids at different HRTs (6, 8 and 10 h) were monitored on an experimental model. Results showed that both SDW and IW had the best sludge flocculation conditions at 8 h and 100 mL of non-ionic polyelectrolyte (0.2 mg L^?1). In addition, this phenomenon reached the organic matter removal efficiencies of 95.9, 95.7, and 94.2% for SDW, DIW, and CIW, respectively. Therefore, optimum HRT increased the organic matter removal efficiencies by 10%, sludge concentration by 37% (22–55%), and F/M ratio by 70%. Moreover, the polyelectrolytes used in AS improved the sludge flocculation by 2.9 times.     

Immune responses in piglets infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection compromises the host's innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune responses of piglets infected with highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV (HuN4 strain) with or without the immunization with CH-1R attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The response was evaluated for the clinical signs, pathological changes and virus load in immune organs, antibody responses and levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. The result showed that in comparison with the piglets received the immunization, the piglets infected with HP-PRRSV alone had the thymus atrophy, decreased serum levels of IL-4 and increased serum levels of IL-10 and INF-γ. These results suggest that elevated IL-10 levels at the early stage of the infection may enhance virus survival and delay the induction of protective immunity, while increased levels of IL-4 induce the effective immune responses and increase the animals' health status.     

高等农林院校数学建模教育研究与实践

结合1994～1998年甘肃农业大学大学生数学协会数学建模讨论班的实践经验,提出了：高等农林院校数学素质教育内容应包括数学基础教育、数学建模教育、数学建模实践3方面;数学建模教育的形式是“讨论班”;数学建模能力巩固、提高的方式是数学建模竞赛;要培养真正合格的素质型建设人才必须在大学期间参加适当的数学建模实践。并指出只有更多的专家、教授、学者参与到数学素质教育中来,使专业与数学教育真正相结合,数学建模教育乃至数学素质教育的口的才能真正实现。     

生物柴油Fe_2(SO_4)_3—Al_2O_3固体酸催化剂的制备

为了解决硫酸铁催化制备生物柴油过程中存在的回收难和部分溶于水等问题,制备了Fe2(SO4)3—Al2O3负载型固体酸催化剂。考察了负载量、焙烤温度、焙烤时间对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,负载量20%的催化剂在300℃下,焙烤超过4h,活性最高,延长焙烤时间对催化剂活性没有显著影响。对不同焙烤温度下的催化剂进行了扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射分析,结果显示300℃下,焙烤的催化剂具有最小的晶粒;超过300℃,催化剂上的Fe2(SO4)3组分开始分解。     

First report of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing tumor disease of Populus koreana in China

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In May 2018, a bacterial tumor disease was observed on Populus koreana in Shuangyang county, Changchun city, Jilin Province. Based on physiological...     

山西省冬小麦生产潜力时空分布与气象因子分析

估算一定区域内作物生产潜力,对于明确该区域作物生产力及其限制因子具有重要意义。采用农业生态区域法和生产潜力递减机制法估算山西省冬小麦生产潜力,并解析其与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明,2004-2013年山西省冬小麦平均光合、光温、气候和土地生产潜力分别介于63.63~74.81、10.86~12.97、3.68~5.65和2.71~4.73t/hm ²。山西冬小麦生产潜力分布特征为南部普遍低于中部地区,中部盆地地区普遍低于东西部高海拔地区。与2004-2008年相比,2009-2013年晋中西部地区和吕梁冬小麦光合和光温生产潜力有所增加,而晋中东部和长治东部的冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力有所降低。限制冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力的主要气象因子是生育期降水量和日平均温度。     

Comparison of larval thermal maxima between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fundulus heteroclitus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">F. grandis</Emphasis>

Fundulus heteroclitus and F. grandis are resident salt marsh fishes that overlap in distribution over a narrow range in northeastern Florida. The objective of the present study was to examine whether the limits of the species’ ranges could be explained by differences in thermal tolerance. Two populations of each species were collected and then spawned in the laboratory, and 9-day-old larvae were used for critical thermal maxima trials. Mean LOE temperatures of larvae ranged from 43.04 to 43.65°C and showed little difference between species. Therefore, differences in high temperatures experienced cannot account for the differences of the distributions of the two species. Condition-specific competition may play a greater role in determining the observed range of the two species.     

玉米群体辐射传输特征

实验观测分析了玉米群体总辐射的透过率、截获率、反射率和消光系数,结果表明玉米群体总辐射透过率、反射率和消光系数具有明显日变化特征;玉米雄穗开花前后其群体透过率和截获率有明显变化;日际反射率随玉米生育期而异,初期达0.23,之后逐渐下降至0.14左右;生育期平均反射率约为0.19;总辐射和净辐射的消光系数分别为0.51和0.41。提出了总体消光系数的概念,该系数在观测期较稳定,约为0.26,依此利用入射总辐射可算出作物群体冠层辐射截获量。     

动物源性饲料与食品安全

<正>动物源性饲料产品是指以动物或动物副产品为原料,经工业化加工制作的单一饲料。由于其具有蛋白质含量丰富及生物学价值高等特点,被饲料生产企业和广大养殖者广为利用。但动物源性饲料产品原料多为食品加工业的副产品或下脚料,来源复杂,     

Loquat as a crop model for successful deficit irrigation

During three consecutive seasons, two different deficit irrigation strategies were compared with control fully irrigated trees regarding their capacity to induce early bloom and harvest in “Algerie” loquat. The first strategy, a continuous deficit irrigation strategy, consisted in a uniform reduction of 20% water needs through the entire season; the second strategy, a regulated deficit irrigation approach, while accounting for the same global reduction of 20% loquat water needs, concentrated water shortages after harvest from mid-May through the end of August. Regulated deficit irrigation resulted more successful. Postharvest regulated deficit irrigation advanced full bloom 10–20 days depending on the season. Such enhancement led to more precocious and valuable yield, with an average increase of fruit value of 0.21 € kg⁻¹. The effects of continuous deficit irrigation were less noticeable and average fruit value was increased 0.08 € kg⁻¹. Yield and fruit quality were not affected for the different deficit irrigation strategies. Water savings established around 1450 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Deficit irrigation rose water use efficiency up to more than a 40%.